2 Thessalonians 3

1.  3:1-2 What were Paul’s prayer requests?
   Class Answers: He asked the Thessalonians to pray for them, that 1) the word of the Lord may run (spread rapidly) and be glorified; 2) they would be delivered from unreasonable (wicked) and evil men. Note: The Greek word for “unreasonable” also means “out of place, improper.”
2. 3:3-5 What would the Lord do for the Thessalonians?
   v. 3 – Establish (strengthen) them
   v. 3 – Guard them from the evil one. See also Matthew 6:13.
   v. 4 – Help them obey the commands – by working in their lives
   v. 5 – Direct their hearts into the love of (for, from?) God and the patience of (after the manner of?) Christ. [Paul’s prayer for them.]
   Note: This passage also prepares them for the admonition that follows.
3. 3:6-13 What seemed to be a problem in the Thessalonian church? How might a misunderstanding of Paul’s earlier teaching (1 Thessalonians 5:1-3) have led to this problem?
   Class Answers: Laziness, idleness – an unwillingness to work, being disorderly, busybodies – a repetition of 1 Thessalonians 4:11-12; 5:14.
4. 3:6-12 What commands does Paul mention in this passage? To whom are they given?
   v. 6 – Withdraw (keep away) from disorderly brethren. This command is given in the name of, or by the authority of, “our” Lord Jesus Christ. Note: Paul had taught them this in person (v. 10), in the  first letter, and now in this letter. If they still weren’t heeding his command, they needed to lose their fellowship and dependence on the other Christians. It would also diminish their influence on others who might also be tempted to live the same lifestyle.
   v. 10 – If any won’t work, they shouldn’t eat
   v. 12 – Work with quietness, eat your own bread (make your own living). If the early disciples lived communally, this might literally mean “bring your own bread.”  Note: This seems to be in the context of the church family, not dealing with the issue of someone who might not be part of the fellowship. It’s a matter of judgment whether or not helping someone financially is an act of love or enabling.
5. 3:7-9 What kind of model did the apostles leave with them?
   Class Answers: They worked night and day so they wouldn’t be a burden to the Thessalonians. This is also what Paul pointed out in 1 Thessalonians 2:9.
6. 3:13-15 List other instructions Paul gives to the Thessalonian Christ.ians.
   v. 13 – Be not weary in well doing (doing what is right).
   v. 14 – Note the man who does not work.
   v. 14 – Have no company with him (have nothing to do with them).
   v. 15 – Admonish (warn) him as a brother, not an enemy. It is not appropriate to gather into a clique and gossip about the brother (or sister), to treat him or her as “other.”
7. 3:16 How might verse 16 related back to verses 14 and 15?
   Class Answers: When each does his own job, peace is more likely. Peace is more possible when busybodies are not allowed to have influence.
8. 3:16-18 What is the distinguishing mark in all Paul’s letters? How are his greeting (1:1-2) and conclusion similar?
   Class Answers:  The distinguishing mark: His salutation with his own hand – his personal handwritten note at the end of the letter verified and gave the letter credibility.
   Note the “alls” in this passage: “May the Lord of peace himself give you peace at all times in all ways. The Lord be with you all [including those who may have been walking disorderly]…The peace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.

Questions for 2 Thessalonians compiled by Cheryl Bryan
May, 2013

2 Thessalonians 2

Note: There may be as many theories about the meaning of the first 12 verses of this chapter as there are commentators. These questions are designed to reveal what the text says within the context of the Thessalonians’ situation and as a continuation of what Paul had written in 1 Thessalonians. As we answered them in class, we also tried to answer not with our opinions, which are colored by our viewpoints about the second coming of Christ – but simply by what Paul expresses in this letter. (We did allow ourselves a little time for conjecture and discussion after we answered all the questions.)

1. 2:1 What two related things does Paul now address?
   Class Answers: 1) The coming of Christ; 2) Our gathering together with him.
2. 2:2 What might the Thessalonians be told that might alarm or shake them? By what three means would that alarm be communicated?
   Class Answers: That the day of the Lord is at hand (sometimes translated “is already here”). 1) by spirit (or prophecy); 2) by word (report); 3) by epistle (letter). CB Comment: Some things never change; there will always be those who spread rumors as if they are the truth.
3. 2:3 What two things must happen before that day comes?
   Class Answers: 1) The falling away (or rebellion); 2) the revelation of the man of sin (or the lawless one). Note the use of the word the in both phrases – this is speaking of a specific rebellion, a specific man of lawlessness.
4. 2:3-4 List the descriptions of the “man of lawlessness,” or “man of sin.”
   Class Answers: 1) Son of perdition (destined for destruction); 2) Opposes and exalts himself against all that is called God (every so-called god) or worshipped (objects of worship). 3) He sits in the temple (or sanctuary) of God, setting himself forth as God (declaring himself as God). CB Comment: The phrase “son of perdition” is also used to describe Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus.
5. 2:5-6 What should the Thessalonians remember? What do they know?
   Class Answers: They should remember that Paul told them these things. (Note the departure from the pronoun “we.”) They knew that which restrains, to the end that he may be revealed in his own season. (NRSV: …when his time comes.)
   Morris’s comment on this: “The Thessalonians knew; we do not.)
6. 2:7 What was already at work? For how long?
   Class Answers: The mystery of lawlessness (NIV: secret power of lawlessness). Until the one that restrains is taken away (NRSV: the one who restrains it is removed).
7. 2:8 What will happen to the lawless one?
   Class Answers: The Lord will slay him with the breath of his mouth and bring him to naught by the manifestation of his coming (will annihilate him by the manifestation of his coming). CB Comment: What’s important in this passage is the absolute sovereignty of God. When our Lord comes, anyone who would claim or appear to be all-powerful will be shown for what he is at the first appearance of the real Lord and Christ – like the self-important mayor of a small town diminished by the appearance of the President of the United States.
8. 2:9-10 According to what will the coming of the lawless one be? What will accompany his coming?
   Class Answers: His coming will be the working of Satan, accompanied by power, signs, and lying wonders (Morris: imitations of Christ on earth), all deceit of unrighteousness (every kind of wicked deception).
9. 2:10-12 Why does God send a strong delusion?
   v. 10 – Because they did not receive a love of the truth (they refused to love the truth). If they want to believe a lie, God will allow it. See also John 14:6; Ephesians 4:21.
   v. 11 – So they would believe a lie (what is false).
   v. 12 – They didn’t believe the truth but enjoyed unrighteousness (NIV: delighted in wickedness).
   Morris: They not only didn’t love it, they didn’t believe it.
10. 2:13 How did God choose to save the Thessalonians?
    Class Answers: By sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth, from the beginning (as first fruits). Again, Paul says “We are bound to give thanks” as he wrote in 1:3.
11. 2:14 How did God call them? For what purpose?
    Class Answers: Through “our” gospel (proclamation of good news), in order to obtain (or share in) the glory of Christ.
12. 2:15 What two things does Paul exhort them to do?
    Class Answers: 1) Stand fast (stand firm); 2) Hold the traditions they were taught either by word of mouth or by “our” letter.
13. 2:16 What have the Son and the Father done for us?
    Class Answers: They have loved us and given us eternal comfort and good hope through grace.
14. 2:17 What was Paul’s prayer for the Thessalonians?
    Class Answers: That Christ and God would comfort their hearts and establish (strengthen) them in every good work and word. CB Comment: It is not for Christians to be still and wait for Christ’s coming; it is for us to work, to study, to teach.

*CB Comment – my personal observations, added while compiling these notes. – Cheryl Bryan

1 Thessalonians 4

1. 4:1-2 What are at three motivations mentioned in these verses for living in the right way? (Hint: Who does it please, who is urging it, and by whose authority were the instructions given?)
   Class Answers: 1) To please God; 2) Because Paul was urging them to do as they had been instructed; 3) Because these instructions were given through Jesus.
   Note: The word instructions here is a little weak, because it indicates authority, as a captain giving an order. According to Morris (page 116), the word is found in only two other places in the New Testament as commands to believers: 1 Timothy 1:5, and 1 Timothy 1:18. The ASV uses the word charge in all three instances.
2. 4:3-8 What does being “sanctified” have to do with living a pure life?
   Class Answers: God calls us to be holy, set apart, which is the meaning of sanctified. Living a pure life – controlling our bodies – is what sets us apart from the “Gentiles who do not know God.” See also Romans 1:20-25.
   Note: Again, I like what Morris has to say here: Page 118: “The strong warning is probably to be understood in light of the prevalence of low standards.” Page 119: “We come to Christ in all our sin, and we receive cleansing by his atoning death. Then day by day we become more and more what God would have us to be.”
3. 4:3-8 Which members of the godhead are involved here?
   Class Answers:
   1) God. Verse 1 – please God; v. 2 – the will of God; v. 5 – Gentiles who do not know God; v. 7 – God calls us in holiness; v. 8 – Rejecting God’s authority; v. 9 – taught by God.
   2) Jesus – v. 1 – urge you in the Lord Jesus; v. 2 – by the authority of the Lord Jesus
   3) Holy Spirit. v. 8 – God gives you his Holy Spirit. In the Greek, this is “his Spirit, the holy.”
   Note: The word godhead is not used in this passage. It is the term used in Colossians 2:9 (KJV and ASV) to translate the Greek word Theotes, which means “the state of being God” or “deity.”
4. 4:9-10 How were they taught by God to love one another? (See John 13:34; 15:9)
   Class Answers: It was taught by Jesus verbally (John 13:34) and by example (John 15:9). Also see 1 Thessalonians 3:12.
5. 4:11-12 What three things does Paul encourage them to do? For what purpose?
   Class Answers: 1) To aspire to live quietly. [Interesting paradox – to “be ambitious” to be quiet.] Morris (p. 131) – this does not denote inactivity, but tranquility in the midst of being busy with the Lord’s work. 2) To mind their own affairs; 3) To work with their own hands. [These are all connected: When we are quietly taking care of our own affairs, we don’t have time to be busybodies.]
   The purpose? For reputation’s sake, to set a good example, to take care of our own needs so we’re not a burden on others.
6. 4:13 Who are those who have fallen asleep? Who are those who have no hope?
   Class Answers: Christians who have died. Apparently, the Thessalonians were concerned about those who died before Jesus came again. Morris, p. 137: “When the apostle counsels the Thessalonians not to sorrow as the pagans do, he is not urging them to endure with a deep Stoic calm the buffetings of fortune that they cannot avoid….Rather, he is rejoicing in the complete victory that Christ has won. Those who have died have simply fallen asleep in Christ, and they will wake with him.”
   Those who have no hope are non-believers. See Ephesians 2:12.
7. 4:14 What does this verse imply about those who have fallen asleep?
   Class Answers: That they are with Jesus – or will be, when he comes again. See also Matthew 24:31; 2 Thessalonians 2:1. Morris, pg. 140: “What worried the Thessalonians was not whether their friends would rise, but whether they would have any share in the great events associated with the Parousia [second coming].”
8. 4:15-17 Read these verses, form a picture of the scene in your mind, then try to describe it in your own words.
   My Answer: When Jesus appears again, he will shout a command, an archangel will call, and a trumpet will sound. Those who died in Christ will rise and meet him in the air. Then those who are still alive will rise to meet them and him. Related passages: 1 Corinthians 15:52; Revelation 10:1; 18:1; 20:1; Acts 1:11. There is no mention of the wicked here. They are mentioned, though, in Acts 24:15 and in Paul’s second letter to the Thessalonians.
   Note: There’s so much we can’t comprehend about this event. In response to all our questions, Morris (p. 142) writes: “There are many things we would like to know, but the Bible was not written to satisfy our curiosity. Rather, it is intended to help us in our Christian lives.” The important message here is “Be ready.”
9. 4:18 Where will Christians be when after the Lord returns? How long?
   Class Answers: With the Lord – forever.
   Note: As I understand it, what is referred to as “the rapture” is a quiet event. There’s nothing quiet in this description of Jesus’ Second Coming. I was also curious about the origin of the word “rapture,” since it doesn’t appear in any English translation I’ve read. According to Shogren, p. 188, the Greek word for taken or caught up in verse 17 was translated into Latin as rapiemur, a form of rapio, which in English is rapture. This same word, Harpazo, is used in Acts 8:39 for Philip.
   

1 Thessalonians 3

1. 3:1-3 For what reasons did Paul send Timothy to Thessalonica?
   Class Answers:
   v. 1 – He was desperate to know how the Thessalonians were faring in his absence. He and Silas could no longer stand not knowing.
   v. 2 – To strengthen and encourage them in the faith. To encourage them in their knowledge of their Savior and to make certain they were secure in that faith.
   v. 3 – So that no one would be shaken by the persecutions. He wanted the Thessalonians to know that these current afflictions were signs that things were as they should be, rather than the reverse.
   Note: Persecution is a common theme in the New Testament. In our progressively more secular society, we shouldn’t be surprised when we are criticized or judged backward, or even hateful, because we condemn sinful practices.
   Matthew 5:10-12: Persecution is a cause of rejoicing
   John 15:12-21: If we choose not to be part of this world, we will be persecuted.
   2 Timothy 3:12: If we desire to live godly lives, we will be persecuted.
   1 Peter 4:12-14: Don’t be surprised by persecution, but rather rejoice in it.
2. 3:3-4 What were the evangelists destined (or appointed) for ?
   The question should read, What are Christians destined for?
   Class Answers: For persecution. For the very afflictions the Thessalonians were experiencing.
   Note: More warnings (promises) of persecution:
   Acts 9:15-16: God told Ananias that he would show Paul what he would suffer for God’s sake.
   James 1:2: James tells his readers to rejoice in trials.
3. 3:5 Who is the tempter? How would he cause Paul’s labor to be in vain?
   Class Answers: Satan. (See also 1 Thessalonians 2:18.) If they succumbed to temptation, they would be right back where they started. He would undo all the apostles’ teaching. See 2 Peter 2:20-22: like a dog eating its own vomit.
4. 3:6 What was the good news that Timothy brought back to Paul?
   Class Answers: Of their faith and love. That they always remembered Paul and Silas kindly and they longed to see them. That the Thessalonians wanted to see and be with Paul as much as he wanted to connect with them, that they were continuing in the faith and love that he’d shared with them.
   Note: The Greek word for “good news”  here is Euaggelizo, usually translated “gospel.”  Also note the change of Paul’s tone: From concern to joy at Timothy’s good news.
   From Morris: “The combination of faith and love is no mean summary of the whole duty of Christians.” See also Galatians 5:6.
5. 3:7-10 What responses did Paul and Silas have to this news?
   Class Answers:
   v. 7 – Comfort. Even in the apostles’ own distress and persecution, they were encouraged about them through the Thessalonians’ faith. (This is the fourth time the word faith is used in this chapter.)
   v. 8 – Life. They now “live,” if the Thessalonians stand firm. Philippians 1:21 – For Paul, to live was Christ. Their faithfulness gave him new life, new energy.
   v. 9 – Joy. They couldn’t thank God enough for the joy they felt. Note the object of their gratitude – not the Thessalonians, but God. This was God’s work.
   v. 10 – Prayer. They prayed even more intensely that they could see them in person and strengthen whatever still might be lacking (to complete them).
6. 3:11-13 What are Paul’s three prayers?
   v. 11 – That God and Jesus would direct their way to the Thessalonians, clear the pathway to them.
   v. 12 – That the Thessalonians would increase and abound in love for one another and for all.
   v. 13 – That God would strengthen their hearts in holiness, so that they would be blameless. (NIV – blameless and holy)
7. 3:13 What does Paul write about the coming of Jesus?
   Class Answers: That he will come with all his saints (NRV), or “holy ones” (NIV). Commentators disagree on whether this refers to Christians who have died or angels. Morris contends that it is both. Hendricksen (page 93) ties it to 4:14:

Not a single one of [those who have fallen asleep in Jesus] will be left behind in heaven: all those who at death went to heaven – and therefore are now with him in heaven – will leave their celestial abodes at the very moment when the Lord begins his descent. Very quickly they will reunite with their bodies, which now become gloriously resurrected bodies, and will then immediately (together with those children of God who still survive on earth, and who will be changed “in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye”) ascend in order to meet the Lord.
This interpretation brings 3:13 into complete harmony with 4:13-18…. The coming is one; but it is a coming both with and for his saints.

1 Thessalonians 1

Read Acts 17:1-15; 1 Thessalonians 1

1. 1:1 Who was with Paul when he wrote this epistle?
   Class Answers: Silvanus (Roman name for Silas) and Timothy. See also 2 Corinthians 1:19; Acts 15:22; Acts 15:40 and Acts 16:1,2. Note: I’m not sure of the significance, but it’s interesting to note that Paul addresses this letter not to the church in Thessalonica, but the “church of the Thessalonians,” which is in keeping with the personal nature of the rest of the letter. Note also his common greeting: Grace (Hebrew hesed) and Peace (Hebrew shalom).
2. 1:2-3 When Paul mentioned the Thessalonians in his prayers, what did he remember about them?
   Class Answers: Their work of faith, labor of love, and steadfastness of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ. The words work, labor, and steadfastness, indicate a progression: from activities of work to exhaustive labor to persevering. Faith, love, and hope are also reflective of the closing verse of 1 Corinthians 13. Hope as the last word in the series indicates Paul’s theme for the letter. Note also the words constantly and always.
3. 1:4 What did Paul know about the Thessalonians?
   Class Answers: That God had chosen them, as shown in verses 6-9. It was the general consensus of the discussion that God does not choose us against our free will. If he did, what would be the use of all the instructions in the New Testament? It may be like one of us “choosing” all those with brown hair. Likewise, God chooses all those who choose to accept his offer of salvation. For more about election, or how God has chosen followers, see 2 Peter 1:10; 2 Thessalonians 2:13; Romans 9:11; 11:5,7,28; and my favorite, Ephesians 1:4.
4. 1:5 How had the gospel come to the Thessalonians?
   Class Answers: In word, in power (See Romans 1:16), in the Holy Spirit, with full conviction.
   Note: Another question might be asked here: What did the Thessalonians know? Answer: What kind of people the evangelists were.
5. 1:6 How did the Thessalonians receive the word? (What is the word?)
   Class Answers: With joy (in spite of persecution), inspired by the Holy Spirit. Persecution is temporary; joy is eternal. See also Acts 16:25; 5:41; Galatians 5:22.
6. 1:7 What was the result of the way they received the word?
   Class Answer: They became an example (NIV: model) to all the believers in Macedonia and Achaia. The Greek word for example, or model, is tupoß (tupos), which is defined as “the pattern in conformity to which a thing must be made” (NAS New Testament Greek Lexicon).
7. 1:8 What two things had sounded forth, or gone out, from the Thessalonians? How are these two things different?
   Class Answers: 1) The word of the Lord (that comes from the Lord) – the Truth. 2) Their faith in God – Living the Truth.
8. 1:9 From whom had Paul and his companions heard of the success of the Thessalonians?
   Class Answers: From the people in Macedonia and Achaia. Apparently, the Gentiles in the region were talking about changes the Gentiles in Thessalonica had made in their pagan lifestyles.
9. 1:9 What kind of change did the gospel make in the lives of the Thessalonians?
   Class Answers: They had turned away from idols to serve a living and true God. They hadn’t just added another god to their worship. Also note that this was a conscious desire to serve only one God – which resulted in their abandoning idol worship. They weren’t just running away from paganism; they were drawn to God.
10. 1:10 For what were the Thessalonians waiting?
    Class Answers: For Jesus, for God’s Son from heaven. See Romans 8:25; this waiting is a “sustained expectation.”
11. 1:10 What does Paul write about the coming of Jesus?
    Class Answers: That he will come from heaven and that he will rescue us from the wrath that is coming. See Romans 1:18; Ephesians 5:6. Thus we are motivated by both fear and gratitude.

Galatians 5

1. 5:1 What is the “yoke of slavery”?
   Class Answers: As a class member pointed out, the verse (in most versions) reads “a yoke of slavery,” so she answered (if I remember right) that this was any type of reliance on our ability to keep the law. In the context of Galatians, the particular “yoke of slavery” or “yoke of bondage” Paul is addressing is the Old Law. See also Acts 15:6-11, especially vs. 10, and Galatians 2:4.
         R. C. Bell compares it to a new master buying a slave and telling him, “I have bought you to set you free.” The slave wouldn’t think about going back to his former cruel master.
2. 5:2-4 Why does Paul condemn circumcision?
   Class Answers: He doesn’t condemn circumcision per se, but he does condemn having it done in order to gain approval from God. To be circumcised for religious reasons is to reinstate the Old Law, to subject oneself to the Old. Law. Circumcision is not part of the Law of Christ.
        Again, to quote R. C. Bell from his book Studies in Galatians (pg. 61-62): “Christian freedom has both a negative and positive aspect. Men are freed from some things and freed for other things…. God has worked out a unique plan by which Christ’s slave becomes his own master! Christ gets the essential law of life obeyed, human nature fulfilled, and his slave in possession of life abounding—all this without slavish drudgery or ‘dragging of feet’ on the part of the slave.”
3. 5:5-6 What two manifestations of faith are mentioned here?
   Class Answers:
   v. 5 – We eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness. See Romans 8:23. John Stott (The Message of Galatians) points out that we wait for it, we don’t work for it; Bell compares this hope to the crown of righteousness Paul mentions in 2 Timothy 4:8.
   v. 6 – Faith works through love. See John 13:34,35. A motive of love means we go beyond what the Law would demand.
4. 5:7-8 What does it mean to “obey the truth”?
   Class Answers: Stott writes that it means applying belief to behavior. Obeying the truth means we subject ourselves to the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ. From Ed Wharton’s The Constitution of Christian Freedom: Legalism hinders submission: I have to do what is required, or commanded, nothing more.
5. 5:6-12 List 7 fallacies of legalism mentioned here. (Legalism: The effort to be justified through keeping the law.)
   Class Answers:
   v. 6 – In Christ, keeping the law means nothing. (NIV: It has no value.)
   v. 7 – It prevents us from obeying the truth, hinders our submission.
   v. 8 – It doesn’t come from Christ, the one who calls us.
   v. 9 – It affects others in the body. Wharton: It leavens the church with disobedience. Bell: This powerless form of religious would destroy the life of the church.
   v. 10 – It confuses us. Wharton: causes trouble.
   v. 11 – It abolishes (removes) the offense of the cross. The “offense of the cross” reflects back to Galatians 3:13 and the shame of the cross. How could we worship a God who was not only killed but went through a humiliating, excruciating death at the hands of lesser men?
   v. 12 – It agitates, unsettles new Christians. Wharton: It mutilates the body.
6. 5:13-15 Freedom in Christ gives us freedom to love one another and serve God. NOT to sin! It’s freedom from sin, not freedom to sin.
   Bell (pg. 66): “As the character of Christ proves, law itself and love are not incompatible; Pharisaic legalism, not law, is what contradicts gospel grace, truth, and love.”
7. 5:16-18 What conflict is described here?
   Class Answers: The conflict between the Spirit and the flesh (NIV – sinful nature). [I didn’t write down anyone else’s answer . Feel free to put a better explanation in the comment section.] Comment from Bell’s book: Flesh is not sinful; it’s just how Satan reaches us.
       We also had a discussion about whether or not we can be led by the Spirit without the Word. See Galatians 5:5; 2 Corinthians 5:7; Romans 10:17. The general consensus was that only the Word can reveal the will of God, but the indwelling Spirit helps us to carry out His will. When we follow our best impulses – which we can identify as “best” because of what the Spirit has revealed in the Word – we allow the Spirit to guide us.
8. 5:19-21 Below is the list of “acts of the sinful nature” from the NIV. Beside each word, write a synonym, either from another version or a dictionary.
   Class Answers:
   sexual immorality – fornication, adultery (NKJ)
   impurity – uncleanness
   debauchery – licentiousness, lewdness, indulgence
   Note: These first three are also condemned in the 7th of the 10 commandments (Exodus 20:14)
   idolatry – worship of an image or other material object representing a deity
   witchcraft – sorcery, magic
   Note: Idolatry and witchcraft also break the 1st of the 10 commandments (Exodus 20:2-3).
   hatred – enmities, hostility, animosity
   discord – strife, contentions, quarreling
   jealousy – resentment against a rival or against another’s success. It occurs when someone else wants to take something I own.
   fits of rage – anger, wrath, outbursts of anger
   selfish ambitions – quarrels, factions, disputes
   dissensions –strong disagreements, contentions or quarrels, discord
   factions – heresies, a party spirit (Stott), “a feeling that everyone else is wrong except those in your own little group” (New Living Translation)
   envy – a feeling of discontent or covetousness with regard to antoher’s advantages, success, possessions. Having to do with wanting other people’s things.
   Note: These have to do with our relationships with others, which would be covered in the 10th commandment (Exodus 20:17) and Leviticus 19:17-18 – “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.”
   drunkenness – given to intoxication
   orgies – carousing, revelries
   Note: Don’t overlook the “and the like” at the end of this passage. Legalism would say “If it’s not on the list, it’s not sin.” Wharton: We can make our own list. We know the difference between what is good and what is sin.
9. 5:21 What is the result of such a lifestyle?
   Class Answer: Loss of inheritance in the kingdom of God.
10. 5:22-25 Some would look at these verses as a to-do list as opposed to the “do-not” list in verses 19-21. How do we develop these attributes?
    Class Answers: By crucifying the flesh with its passions and desires, following the Spirit’s guide, not just by moral discipline. It is all based on love. Without love, the rest is not possible. Bell: The Holy Spirit is the only tree that produces this fruit.
         It is not a to-do list but is rather what we can reap when we follow the Spirit rather than our selfish desires.
11. 5:26 How does our opinion of ourselves affect the way we treat others?
    Class Answer: Being self-centered leads to competition and envy.

Choose a verse from Chapter 5 to memorize (or to post in a prominent place).
Verses chosen were Galatians 5:13b,14; 5:22; and 5:25.

Galatians 4

1. 4:1-3 How is being under the Law like being an under-age heir?
   Class Answer: As members of the class pointed out, the Law isn’t mentioned in these verses, but in context, that’s the subject of Paul’s discourse and the aim of this comparison. Though an under-age heir will one day benefit from the inheritance, as long as he’s not of age, he has no freedom, being subject to guardians and trustees. Being under the Old Law is like having the promise of an inheritance, but not the reality of the inheritance. The heir has no control, no freedom.
   
   “Religious legal systems are for the moral immature.” Studies in Galatians, R.C. Bell, pg. 49.
   
   Just as during a child’s ministry his guardian may ill-treat and even tyrannize him in ways which his father never intended, so the devil has exploited God’s good law, in order to tyrannize men in ways God never intended. God intended the law to reveal sin and to drive men to Christ; Satan uses it to reveal sin and so drive men to despair. God meant the law as an interim step to man’s justification; Satan uses it as a final step to his condemnation. God meant the law to be a stepping-stone to liberty; Satan uses it as a cul-de-sac, deceiving his dupes into supposing that from its fearful bondage there is no escape. From The Message of Galatians, John Stott, page 105.
2. 4:4-7 Name four blessings we receive because God sent His Son.
   Class Answers:
   v. 5 – redemption (for those under the law)
   v. 5 – full rights of sons, or adoption as sons (for you Gentiles.)
   v. 6 – The Spirit of His Son (Given to us)
   v. 7 – We are no longer slaves, but children of God.
   Note: All three members of the Godhead are mentioned in verse 6: God, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Also note the word Abba: The Aramaic word for Father – a personal, pet name. Now the Gentiles – for whom God was formerly far away – can address him personally, as their Father.
3. 4:8-11 How were the Galatians – who had been pagans – turning back to those principles by observing special days?
   Class Answers: They were being legalistic and ritualistic. They were superstitiously observing rituals as if the rituals saved them. They were enslaving themselves to those (Judaizing teachers) who were not gods. 
4. 4:10-11 Why is Paul condemning the observance of special days? (See Colossians 2:16-17)
   Class Answers: They were only shadows of things to come, according to Colossians 2:16-17. The observance of days does not bring salvation. They were judging and being judged by whether or not they observed days and by what they ate and drank.
5. 4:12-16 How had the Galatians welcomed Paul when he first preached to them? (See Acts 13:13 - 14:26)
   Class Answers: As if he were an angel of God or even Jesus himself. They would have torn their eyes out and given them to him if they could. Possible References: In Acts 14:11, those in Lystra at first wanted to worship Paul and Barnabas as gods. In Acts 14:20, after Paul was beaten and thought to be dead, he and Barnabas went to Galatian cities. Note on verse 12: Become like me – free – because I became like you when I was among you.
6. 4:17-18 Who were “those people”? (NIV) What motivated them?
   Class Answers: Judaizing teachers: In 1:7 – “some people.” In 1:9 – anyone who was preaching another gospel. In 3:1 – those trying to bewitch them. They were motivated by envy. They were trying to ruin Paul’s influence.
7. 4:19-20 What was Paul’s motivation?
   Class Answers: He wanted to “form Christ in them,” for them to be conformed to the image of Christ. Instead, it was like going through the pain of childbirth a second time.
8. 4:21-23 What was the difference between Ishmael and Isaac? (Old Testament reference: Genesis 16:1-2, 15; 21:1-3)
   Class Answers: Ishmael – born of a slave, in an ordinary way (NIV), or according to the flesh (NKJV), not an heir. Isaac – born of a free woman, a child of promise (Hebrews 11:11). His birth was not ordinary – Sarah was too old to conceive a child. (Historical Background)
9. 4:24-27 What symbols does Paul use for the two covenants? (OT reference: Exodus 19:1-6; 20:1-2)
   Class Answers: 1) Old Law – Mt. Sinai, Hagar, the present city of Jerusalem, slavery 2) New Law – Jerusalem above, free, children of promise. (Allegorical argument)
10. 4:28-31 How was the “physical” son persecuting the “spiritual” son? (OT reference: Genesis 21:8-10)
    Class Answers: Just as Ishmael taunted Isaac, those who were Jews physically were trying to persecute, or enslave, those who were born again spiritually. (Personal application)

Choose a verse from Chapter 4 to memorize (or to post in a prominent place).

Verses chosen were 4:4-5, 4:6, 4:7, and 4:18.

Galatians 3

1. 3:1-2 What are the answers to the questions Paul asks: “Who has bewitched you?” and “Did you receive the Spirit by observing the law, or by believing what you heard?” (NIV)
   Class Answers: 1) The Judaizers – the ones insisting that Gentile Christians should also obey the Old Law; Satan – through Jewish Christians. 2) They received the Spirit through faith.
2. 3:3-5 How were the Galatians trying to attain their goal?
   Class Answers: verse 3 – by human effort. From verse 2 – by works of the law.
3. 3:6 Why does Paul mention Abraham? Why was Abraham considered righteous?
   Class Answers: 1) Because he was their physical father. They were “sons of Abraham.” He lived before the law was enacted. 2) Because he believed God. Our works are proof of our faith as opposed to trying to prove our faith.
4. 3:7-9 Who are the true children of Abraham?
   Class Answers: Those who are his spiritual children, those who believe the promises of God. See verse 16: those who are of faith.
5. 3:10 What are the results of obeying the law? (CB Note: This question should have read: “What are the results of relying on obedience to the law?) What law is Paul talking about?
   Class Answers: 1) Being cursed, for no one can keep the law perfectly (Deuteronomy 27:26). The law can only condemn, it cannot save. 2) The Old Law – the “Book of the Law” – the Law of Moses.
6. 3:11-13 How did Christ become a curse for us?
   Class Answers: He hung on the cross – the sign of a man who has been condemned. See Leviticus 18:5; Habakkuk 2:4; Deuteronomy 21:23; Romans 8:3.
7. 3:14-18 To whom did God give these promises? What were the promises? (See Genesis 12:1-3)
   Class Answers: 1) To Abraham and his seed: Christ and all who are in Christ; 2) God will make him a great nation; He will make his name great; He will bless them that bless Abraham; all families of the earth will be blessed.
8. 3:19-20 What was the purpose of the law? How long would it last?
   Class Answers: From John Stott: “The function of the law was not to bestow salvation but to convince men of their need for it.” See Romans 7:7-10 – The purpose of the law was to define sin. 2) It would last until the Seed (Christ) came.
9. 3:21-23 Did the Old Law stand in the way of God’s promises? What was its limitation?
   Class Answers: 1) No. It reminded us of our sins, which only Christ could remove. 2) It held us prisoners to sin. It can not give life but is the antithesis of life. It couldn’t save, it revealed the sin that alienates God from man.
   Stott’s explanation of “But God is one”: In Christ, both Abraham and Moses come together, because God is one. To Abraham he gave a promise (Genesis 12:1,2), and to Moses he gave a law (Exodus 20). In Christ, both the promise and the law are fulfilled.
10. 3:24-25 What was the purpose of the Law?
    Class Answers: To act as a tutor (ASV), disciplinarian (NRSV), someone put in charge (NIV) to bring us to Christ. The Greek is paidagogus – a custodian, guide, guardian of boys, disciplinarian, like a strict governess. When a man is mature, he doesn’t go back to boarding school.
11. 3:26 How do we become “sons” of God?
    Class Answers: Through faith in Christ Jesus (not by physical birth). Ed Wharton: “full grown sons.” Stott: …who obey their father out of love, not coercion. By adoption, being made full heirs.
12. 3:27 How do we “clothe” ourselves in Christ? What does that mean?
    Class Answers: Through baptism, raised to walk in newness of life (Romans 6:1-4). It means we make no provision for the flesh (Romans 13:14). We envelope ourselves in Christ so that we look like him.
13. 3:28-29 In what ways does belonging to Christ unify us?
    Class Answers: We are one body. Our backgrounds no longer matter; we are all children of God, spiritual brothers and sisters.

Choose a verse from Chapter 3 to memorize (or to post in a prominent place).
Class choices: Galatians 3:21, 3:28, 3:29.

Galatians 2

1. 2:1-3 Who were Barnabas and Titus? What ethnicity were they? (See Acts 4:36,37; 9:26,27; 2 Corinthians 2:13; Titus 1:4,5)
   Class Answers: Barnabas was a Levite from Cyprus, who introduced Paul to the apostles in Jerusalem. He was a companion of Paul. Titus was a Greek (Gentile), who also traveled with Paul and later preached for the church in Crete. Even though Titus was a Gentile, he was not “compelled” to be circumcised, even though that’s what the Judaizing teachers would have desired.
2. 2:2 What was the gospel Paul preached among the Gentiles? (See 1 Corinthians 15:1-4)
   Class Answer: The gospel of salvation: the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ.
3. 2:3-5 Why did Paul want a private meeting with the church leaders? Who was trying to interfere?
   Class Answer: He didn’t want to be running “in vain,” to have his ministry rendered fruitless by the false teachers. He wanted to be able to speak to the leaders without the disruption of those were trying to take away freedom in Christ and impose slavery to the Law.
4. 2:6-10 What were the leaders’ responses to Paul’s
   Message - v. 6 – They added nothing to it. As far as they were concerned, the gospel Paul preached lacked nothing.
   Ministry - v. 7 – They saw he had been entrusted with the gospel to the Gentiles.
   Mission - vv. 9-10 – They gave him the right hand of fellowship, asking him only that he and Barnabas continue to remember the poor.
   Comment by John Stott: The meeting proved there was no rift among the apostles.
5. 2:11-14 How was Peter “clearly in the wrong”? What caused him to act this way?
   Answer: When men came from Jerusalem (or James), Peter withdrew from socializing with the Gentiles. In doing so, he was trying to force the Gentiles to live by Jewish customs. Why? He was afraid of those who came from Jerusalem – afraid of crossing them.
6. 2:15-16 By what are we justified? (Romans 4:1-3) Does this mean we’re not subject to any law? (See James 2:8)
   Answer: Not by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. James 2:8 states that we are subject to the “Royal” law of Christ: to love our neighbors as ourselves. Obedience to commandments of Christ by itself doesn’t save us, but it’s evidence of our faith. How can God know we believe unless we obey, as Abraham did?
7. 2:17 In what way would Christ promote sin?
   Answer: If, while claiming to be justified in Christ, we willfully sin. But that’s not the case. Justification in Christ doesn’t give us license to sin (Romans 6:1,2). Trying to follow the law will make us lawbreakers, because it is impossible to keep perfectly.
8. 2:18 What had Paul destroyed?
   Answer: His old way of life, his allegiance to the Old Law. Why bring that back again? 1:23 – In the past, Paul had tried to destroy the church. So he had destroyed that life of destruction.
9. 2:19-20 How had Paul been “crucified with Christ”?
   Answer: Paul’s identity was gone; he was now living by faith. The old Paul/Saul was gone. We are spirits in a body, not merely bodies with spirits. If our will – our spirit – has been replaced with the Spirit of Christ, then that renewed spirit will be manifest in what we do with our physical bodies.
10. 2:21 How could Christ “die for nothing”?
    Answer: If we can be righteous through the law, then Christ’s death was in vain. Commentary: To mingle legalism with grace makes grace a mockery.

Choose a verse from Chapter 2 to memorize (or to post in a prominent place).

Verses chosen: Galatians 2:16 and 2:20.

Galatians 1

1. 1:1 Why should the Galatians listen to Paul?
   Class Answers: 1) Because he was appointed by God, not man. 2) Because he was an apostle; he had seen the risen Christ.
2. 1:2 Identify the churches of Galatia. (Acts 13, 14)
   Class Answers: Perga of Pamphyllia (Acts 13:13); Antioch of Pisidia (Acts 13:14); Iconium (Acts 13:51); Derbe and Lystra in Lycaonia (Acts 14:6-8). Paul was also in Attalia (Acts 14:24-26), which was a seaport, but there’s no indication that he started a church there.
3. 1:3-7 What is this “different gospel? Why is it really not a gospel? (What does “gospel” mean?)
   Class Answers: According to Acts 15:1, men from Judea were telling Antioch Christians, “You can’t be saved without circumcision.” In other words, Gentiles must submit to the Old Law before they can follow Christ. This is not a gospel – or good tidings – because it negates the cross of Christ, which made the Old Law unnecessary.
4. 1:8-9 What will be the consequence of preaching another gospel?
   Class Answers: KJV – Anathema. Other versions: Eternal condemnation – which makes teaching the gospel a serious responsibility.
   Note: The word anathema is oddly derived from a word that means “to consecrate or devote.” Anything devoted to God could not be redeemed and therefore would be destroyed. So the word came to mean “devoted to destruction.” Idols were “anathema,” or banned, in Deuteronomy 7:26. Where the NASV uses the word banned, the ASV calls it “a devoted thing”; the KJV translates it as “cursed thing”; and the NIV translates it “set apart for destruction.”
5. 1:10 What principle can we learn from verse 10?
   Class Answers: If our aim is to please men, we can’t also be servants (or slaves) of Christ.
6. 1:11 Paul calls the Galatians “brothers.” Why might this be significant, seeing they have “deserted” the gospel?
   Class Answers: 1) Even though they seem to be accepting false doctrine, they are still part of the spiritual family. 2) To demonstrate that he hadn’t deserted them. 3) The gospel is for all, received by grace.
   Note: According to John Stott’s The Message of Galatians, the Greek word translated deserting (v. 6) means to transfer one’s allegiance.
7. 1:12, 15-17 Why does Paul emphasize the lack of any man’s influence on him?
   Class Answers: In order for the Judaizers to discredit Paul’s message, they had to discredit him. His emphasis on his calling from God gave him the same credibility as the other apostles.
   More questions: How did Saul spend his time in Arabia? Did he receive private instruction directly from Christ at this time? Was he re-studying the Hebrew scriptures, viewing them in light of this new revelation? How could anyone know? It is interesting that the three years he spent before seeing Peter is the same time period the other apostles had spent in Jesus’ presence.
8. 1:13-14 Considering the consequences of his decision, how could Saul of Tarsus make such a radical change?
   Class Answers: Paul’s aim had always been to please God, not men. As soon as he knew the truth about Jesus, he was willing to change – and not privately – though, as pointed out in the previous question – he seemed to prepare for this for a long time. According to verse 16, he also knew from the beginning that God had a plan for him. Paul had the courage that comes from a sense of purpose. See also Acts 9:9-16.
9. 1:18-20 Why might Paul choose to visit Peter instead of one of the other apostles?
   Class Answers: 1) Peter was recognized as a leader in the early church. 2) Peter also had a great zeal for God. 3) Peter had been part of Jesus’ inner circle of apostles. 4) Paul had been called by God to preach to the Gentiles, but, as recorded in Acts 10, God had revealed the plan to Peter that the Gentiles were included in His plan.
10. 1:21-24 What was the response of the churches in Syria and Cilicia to Paul?
    Class Answers: The verses here don’t say. They do say that when the churches in Judea heard the report, they praised God because of Paul.
    Note: This question should have asked about the churches of Judea, not Syria and Cilicia. Also note: Cilicia was Paul’s home territory. I’m not sure if we read anywhere what their response was to his conversion.

Choose a verse from Chapter 1 to memorize.
Class Choices: 1:3; 1:6-7; 1:8; 1:10

Studies in Acts–Lesson 14

Read Acts 25:14 through Chapter 28.

Who said it – or might have said it? Where? When? Why?

Acts 25

1. "There is a certain man left a prisoner by Felix." v. 14. Who? Festus, to King Agrippa. Where? In Caesarea. When? While the King was staying in Caesarea, several days after Paul appealed to Caesar. Why? Possibly to find out Agrippa’s judgment in the matter.
Note: This King was Agrippa II, and Bernice was his sister – and his wife. Previously, she had been married to her uncle. Their father – Agrippa I – was the member of the Herod family that was eaten up by worms as recorded in Acts 12.

2. "For it seems absurd to me in sending a prisoner, not to indicate also the charges against him." v. 27 Who? Festus. Where? In the audience hall. When? The next day. Why? He wanted to know what to write to Rome about the charges against Paul. He knew Paul had done nothing deserving of death, so he was trying to explain his actions.

Acts 26

3. "You are permitted to speak for yourself." v. 1 Who? Agrippa to Paul. Why? So Agrippa could hear Paul’s side of the story. He was curious. 

4. "... especially because you are an expert in all customs and questions among the Jews; therefore I beg you to listen to me patiently. v. 3. Who? Paul to Agrippa. Why? He knew Agrippa’s background and wanted an informed listener. Maybe also a bit of flattery? Paul’s hope was in the promises of God.

5. “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.” Who? Jesus, to Saul, in Hebrew. Where? On the road from Jerusalem to Damascus on one of his journeys to arrest Christians. When? At midday, after Saul was blinded by the sun. Why? Jesus had chosen Saul to serve.

6. “In a short time you will persuade me to become a Christian.” v. 28. Who? Agrippa, to Paul, at the end of Paul’s speech. Why? It’s hard to know what was in Agrippa’s mind. In some versions, this is stated as a question, as if to ask Paul his intentions. In other versions, it’s a statement – either honest or in derision.

 

Acts 27

7. "And when it was decided that we should sail for Italy…." v. 1. Who? Luke. Where? Caesarea. Why? Paul was headed for Rome – at government expense. According to Don DeWelt’s Acts Made Actual, this was probably in late August.

8. “You may go to your friends.” v. 3. Who? Julius, the centurion, to Paul. When? When the ship docked in Sidon. Why? So they could care for Paul. Note: It appears they traveled 65 miles that first day.

9. “Men, I perceive that the voyage will certainly be attended with damage and great loss….” v. 10 Who? Paul, to the centurion and sailors. Where? Near Lasea. When? According to commentaries, October. Why? He perceived there would be danger if they continued. Also, according to commentaries, sailing after September 15 was dangerous.

10. “…you must stand before Caesar….” v. 24. Who? An angel of God, to Paul. Where? On the ship at Paul’s bed. When? At night, after passing Cauda after the third day out. Why? In order to assure him they would all survive the storm. God wanted Paul to preach in Rome.

11. “…this is for your preservation….” v. 34. Who? Paul, to the rest of the men on the ship, as they drifted across the Adriatic Sea. Why? To urge them to eat.

Acts 28

12. "Undoubtedly this man is a murderer. ... " v. 4. Who? The natives of Malta, after a viper attached itself to Paul’s hand. Why? He must have been deserving of death, and since the sea hadn’t punished him, the viper would.

13. “Let the fever pass from him….” v. 8. Who might have said it? Paul, about the father of Publius, while he stayed with Publius in Malta. He was sick with dysentery, and God could heal him.

14. “Stay with us for a week.” v. 14. Who? Believers in Puteoli (chief port of Rome), to Paul, when the ship docked there.

15. "...nor have any of the brethren come here and reported or spoken anything bad about you.” v. 21. Who? The Jewish leaders in Rome, to Paul. When? Three days after arriving in Rome, assembled at Paul’s request. Why? Because Paul had told his story, the reason for his chains.

16. “We do not believe these things.” v. 24. Who? Some of the Jews in Rome, to Paul, after he had taught them the gospel. “They refused to believe.”

17. "You will keep on hearing, but will not understand; and you will keep on seeing, but will not perceive." v. 26. Who? Paul, to the unbelieving Jews in Rome. He is quoting what Jesus quoted, from Isaiah 6:9-10.  (Matthew 13:14-15)

18. “This salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles; they will also listen.” v. 28 Who? Paul, to the Jews, as they left him in prison. Why? Maybe to shame them? Maybe they wouldn’t listen, but the Gentiles would.

Studies in Acts—Lesson 13

Read Acts 22 – 25:1-13

Who said it – or might have said it? Where? When? Why?

Chapter 22

1. "Away with him ...” Verse 22. Who? All Jerusalem (21:31), the crowd (21:34), the people (21:39) who had been stirred up by the Jews from Asia (21:27) Where? This was in Jerusalem, on the steps of the barracks. When and Why? Paul told them the Lord had told him to preach to the Gentiles (vv. 21, 22)
2. “Is it lawful…to scourge…a Roman uncondemned…?” Verse 25. Who? Paul. Where? In the barracks. When? After the soldiers had tied up Paul and were about to flog him. Why? To use his Roman citizenship to prevent the flogging. Similar to what he had done in Acts 16. Note: Paul spoke Greek (21:37), was suspected to be an Egyptian (21:38), was a Jew from Tarsus (21:39), and was a Roman citizen. No wonder the tribune was curious about him!

Chapter 23

1. "Strike him on the mouth." Verse 23. Who? Ananias, the high priest. Where? In front of the Jewish council (Sanhedrin). When? The next day. Specifically, after Paul saId he had lived in all good conscience. Why? It’s not clear why. Because Ananias thought Paul was being disrespectful? He thought Paul was lying? Or simply because Ananias was a cruel man who hated Paul?
2. “We find nothing wrong with this man…” Verse 9. Who? The Pharisee scribes. Where? In front of the Council. When? After Paul stated that he preached about the resurrection. Why? Because in so stating, Paul caused dissension between the Pharisees and the Sadducees, who did not believe in resurrection from the dead. The Pharisees defended Paul in order to strengthen their position against the Sadducees.
3. “Take courage…” Verse 11. Who? The Lord (Jesus). Where? In the barracks. When? During the night, after Paul had defended himself before the Council. Why? To encourage Paul to speak, to assure him he wouldn’t be harmed in Jerusalem, that the Lord was with him.
4. “We will neither eat nor drink.” Verses 12-14. Who? Jewish conspirators. Where? They conspired among themselves, then repeated their intention before the chief priests and elders. When? The next morning. Why? They hated Paul, and they wanted him dead. Note: This is what fear causes. The Jews who crucified Christ were also motivated by fear – and by envy.
5. “Do not listen to them….” Verse 21. Who? Paul’s nephew. Where? I’m supposing the office of the tribune (commander), whose name was Claudius Lysias (verse 26). When? After Paul’s nephew told him of the plot, and Paul instructed one of the centurions to take his nephew to the tribune with the message (verse 17). Why? In order to prevent Paul from being murdered.
6. “…when he learned that he was from Cilicia….” Verse 34. Who? Felix the governor (verse 26). Where? In Caesarea. When? The next day. Why? He read the letter from Claudius Lysias. Note: In the letter Claudius Lysias states that he rescued Paul after learning he was a Roman citizen, when in fact, it was after he had Paul in custody and was preparing to have him whipped – an indication that the tribune wanted to put himself in the best light possible.

Chapter 24

1. "We have found this man a real pest...." Verse 5. Who? Tertullus, the Jews’ attorney from Jerusalem. Where? In Caesarea, before Felix. When? Five days after Paul had been taken to Caesarea, after Felix summoned him to the hearing. Why? To explain why the Jews were concerned about Paul’s behavior. He was disturbing the peace.
2. “I cheerfully make my defense….” Verse 10. Who? Paul. Where? Before Felix, the governor. When? After Felix asked him to speak. Why? Because of his confidence in his innocence.
3. “…they found me in the temple purified, without any crowd or uproar….” Verse 18. Who? Paul. Where? Before Felix. When? During his defense. Why? He was presenting the true situation.
4. “Go away for the present.” Verse 25. Who? Felix, to Paul. Where? In Caesarea, with his Jewish wife Drusilla present. When? A few days after the first hearing. Why? Paul’s message of justice, self-control, and the coming judgment frightened Felix.
5. “Maybe I can collect a ransom.” Verse 26. Who? Felix. Where? Caesarea. When? When he was sending Paul back into custody for 2 years. Why? He hoped Paul would give him money to buy his release.

Chapter 25:1-13

1. "Bring him back to Jerusalem." Verse 3. Who? The chief priests and Jewish leaders. Where? In Jerusalem. When? Two years after Felix decided to keep Paul in custody. When Festus, the newly-appointed governor, came to Jerusalem, 3 days after arriving in the province. Why? Because they wanted to ambush and kill Paul along the way.
2. “You can make your accusations in Caesarea.” Verse 4. Who? Festus, to the Jews. Where? In Jerusalem. When? After Jewish leaders asked for Paul to be brought to Jerusalem from Caesarea. Why? Festus was going to be in Caesarea.
3. “Will you go to Jerusalem?” Verse 9. Who? Festus to Paul. Where? In Caesarea. When? Eight to ten days after Festus had been in Jerusalem, after the Jews had charged Paul again and Paul had again defended himself. Why? In order to do the Jews a favor. Note: Try as they might, these representatives of Rome couldn’t find anything to accuse Paul of according to the Roman law, to which they were bound. Still, they wanted to please their Jewish constituency, so they tried to squirm out of their responsibilities by delaying an official verdict or by handing that responsibility over to someone else. Echoes of Pontius Pilate!
4. “I do not refuse to die….” Verse 11. Who? Paul. Where? In Caesarea, before Festus. When? At this pre-trial hearing, in response to Festus’s question in verse 9. Why? To show he wasn’t trying to escape punishment, if that’s what he deserved. Note: I like the KJV rendering of this: “I refuse not to die,” meaning he would insist on judgment – if he was guilty. But he was not guilty.
5. “I appeal to Caesar.” Verse 11. Who? Paul. Where? In Caesarea, before Festus. When? After telling Festus he wanted a just verdict. Why? By doing this, he cut off all discussion about going to Jerusalem.As a Roman citizen, he had the right to make this appeal. Also, Christ has told Paul back in the Jerusalem prison that he would “bear witness also in Rome” (23:11).

Studies in Acts–Lesson 12

Read Acts 20 and 21.

1. After exhorting the disciples at Ephesus, Paul departed for Macedonia. 20:1. [The cities of Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea]
2. After passing through Macedonia (or the region), Paul came to Greece, where he is supposed to have spent 3 months. 20:3
3. Paul expected Titus to meet him in Troas with news from Corinth. (2 Corinthians 7:5-10). Also see 2 Corinthians 2:12-13.
   Note: According to scholars, Paul had written the first letter to the Corinthians while he was in Ephesus. He was anxious to receive from Titus the Corinthian church’s reaction to his first letter. When Titus finally caught up with Paul in Macdeonia, according to 2 Corinthians 7, he was greatly relieved at Titus’s news and wrote his second letter from there.
4. Paul took up a collection on the third journey for the poor in Jerusalem . (1 Corinthians 16:1-6; 2 Corinthians 8:1-6; 9:1-6; Romans 15:25,26)
5. There were seven men who accompanied Paul on his return. 20:4 [Sopater, Aristarchus, Secundus, Gaius, Timothy, Tychicus, and Trophimus. DeWitt comments that they accompanied him for protection, because he was carrying money.]
6. Luke joined the group at Troas. 20:6
7. Paul was in a hurry to arrive in Jerusalem before Pentecost. 20:6 [This was about a year after he left Ephesus, because, according to 1 Corinthians 16:8, he had stayed there until the previous Pentecost.]
8. A meeting in Troas was on the first day of the week, and Paul preached until midnight. 20:7
9. The meeting was held in a three-story house, and Eutychus fell out of the window and was taken up for dead. 20:9
10. From Miletus Paul sent to Ephesus, and called for the elders of the church. 20:17

11. Underline the mistakes.

Paul wanted the Ephesian elders to know that after he left, grievous wolves would enter in among them, not sparing the flock. 20:29 And not only so, but that right from among themselves men would draw disciples after them. 20:30 Paul quoted a statement from Jesus that is not found in the four gospels. 20:35 Rhodes is the name of one of Paul’s companions an island. 21:1 There was a change of ships in Patara. 21:2 They passed Cyprus on the right left. 21:3 The ship from Patara unloaded at Tyre. They stayed three seven days at Tyre. 21:3 Some of those of Tyre were prophets. 21:4 They stayed seven days one day at Ptolemais. 21:7 Philip the evangelist was a convert of Paul one of the seven. 21:8. Also see Acts 6:3-6. Philip was not like Paul, an evangelizing bachelor because he had four unmarried daughters. 21:9 A prophet named Agabus came from Jerusalem. 21:10 He took his Paul’s girdle and bound his hands and feet and said that Paul would be bound in the same way in Jerusalem. 21:11 Paul was to stay in the home of John Mark Mnason in Jerusalem. 21:16 Only two apostles Several brethren were present in Jerusalem when Paul arrived. 21:17

Matching

12. Tarsus	18  "All zealous for the law ... " 21:20
13. From which Paul addressed the multitude	20   Those over whom Paul was in charge 21:23-26
14. The one for whom Paul was mistaken	17  The Jews from Asia 21:27
15. When they saw the chief captain and soldiers	19  The Ephesian 21:20 (A Gentile)
16. A great silence.	15  Left off beating Paul 21:32
17. Stirred up the multitudes and laid hands on Paul	14  The Egyptian 21:38
18. The believing Jews in Jerusalem	21  Did not know the reason for the uproar 21:33
19. Trophimus	13  Castle stairs (or barracks) 21:37-40
20. Four men who had a vow	12  No mean city (or no ordinary city ) 21:39
21. The chief captain	16  Beckoned with hand 21:40

Studies in Acts–Lesson 11

 

Read Acts 18 and 19.

1. Why did Paul live with Priscilla and Aquila in Corinth?
   Answer: They were all tentmakers. (18:3).
2. Identify:
   a. Titus Justus – A worshiper of God, who lived next door to the synagogue in Corinth (v. 7)
   b. Crispus – A synagogue official who became a believer, with all his household (v. 8)
   c. Gallio – Proconsul of Achaia (v. 12)
   d. Sosthenes – An official of the synagogue (v. 17)
3. Where did Paul cut his hair? Why?
   Answer: At Cenchrea, for he was under a vow (v. 18). No one knows for sure exactly what the nature of the vow was, but apparently he had made a vow not to cut his hair. Once he was in Cenchrea, the vow was fulfilled.

True or False

1. Paul visited numerous churches in Galatia on his third journey. True (v. 23) Note: Paul’s second missionary journey ends in 18:22, when he returned to Antioch via Caesarea and Jerusalem.
2. Berea and Thessalonica were among those visited. False. Berea and Thessalonica were in Macedonia.
3. Apollos was a native of Athens. False. He was from Alexandria, Egypt. (v. 24)
4. Apollos was "mighty in the scriptures." True (v. 24)
5. A woman helped teach Apollos the truth. True (v. 26) Note: Verse 25 states that Apollos had been instructed in the “Way of the Lord,” the exact phrase used for the preaching of John the Baptist in Matthew 3:3.
6. Apollos became a famous preacher at Corinth. True (v. 28, 19:1). Note: Apollos became one of the leaders over whom the Corinthians divided (1 Corinthians 1:12)
7. Paul asked twelve men in Ephesus if they had received the Holy Spirit after they had believed. False (v. 2). He asked if they had received the Holy Spirit when they believed.
8. Acts states that the twelve men were baptized into the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. False (v. 5). It states they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.
9. The spiritual gifts given were "tongues of knowledge.” False (v. 6). After Paul laid his hands on them, they spoke in tongues and prophesied.
10. Paul preached for six months in the synagogues of Ephesus. False (v. 8). It was three months.
11. He worked for three years in the schoolroom of Tyrannus. False (v. 10). It was two years. Note: According to Acts Made Actual, Ephesus had a population of about 600,000 at this time.
12. Diseases and those possessed of demons were healed by handkerchiefs that were carried away from Paul. True (v. 11)
13. Seven sons of Sceva really took a beating from a man possessed by a demon. True (vv. 13-16). Note: The American Standard Version translates verse 16 as “The man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, and mastered both of them.” So someone using that text would answer False.
14. The whole town of Ephesus heard about this, and it caused the church to have a bad reputation. False (v. 17). On the contrary, it left them “awestruck” (NRSV), “and the name of the Lord Jesus was praised.”
15. A thousand or more dollars went up in smoke in the city of Ephesus. False. (v. 19). It was much more than just a thousand or more; it came to 50,000 silver coins, worth, according to Acts Made Actual, was probably worth about $75,000 in 1958 currency – even more today.
16. Paul's plan was to go immediately from Ephesus to Jerusalem. False (v. 21). He was planning to go to Jerusalem, but not before visited Macedonia (Philippi) and Achaia (Corinth).

Multiple Choice

1. Who did Paul send from Ephesus to Macedonia?
   a. Titus and Timothy
   b. Timothy and Erastus (v. 22)
   c. Aristarchus and Secundus
2. The work of Christ was called:
   a. The church of Christ
   b. The gospel of Christ
   c. In the town of Ephesus, the Way (v. 23)
3. Demetrius was a:
   a. Goldsmith
   b. Worker of brass
   c. Silversmith (v. 24)
4. Demetrius was angry because:
   a. Diana was losing devotees
   b. He was losing money (v. 25-27) – though he did try to “spin” it in verse 27, saying that the “great goddess Artemis [Diana] will be scorned.”
   c. The Jews were losing followers
5. Who was carried into the mob in the Ephesian theater?
   a. Timothy and Erastus
   b. Gaius and Titus
   c. Aristarchus and Gaius (v. 29)
6. Paul was kept from going into the theater because:
   a. He knew it was against the law
   b. Friends warned him not to (v. 30)
   c. God warned him not to
7. Alexander was:
   1. A Jewish orator (v. 33,34)
   2. A friend of Paul
   3. One of the Asiarchs
8. Who quieted the mob?
   a. City police
   b. City councilmen
   c. The town clerk (v. 35ff)
9. The assembly that was called out by Demetrius could be referred to as a:
   a. Town meeting
   b. Church (In verses 32 and 41. The Greek word here is ἐκκλησία, or ekklesia, from which the word church is derived. It literally means “those called out”.)
   c. Camp meeting
10. The town clerk gained his point by telling the crowd that:
    a. They would only be furthering the cause of Christ
    b. They would be called into account for their actions (v. 40)
    c. They were dishonoring their reputations

Studies in Acts–Lesson 10

Read Acts 16 and 17.

1. Why was Timothy circumcised?
   Answer: Because of the Jews – who knew his father was a Gentile (16:3), and therefore, that he had probably not been circumcised. This action on Paul’s part seems to agree with his declaration in 1 Corinthians 9:20,21, that “to Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain Jews….”  As one commentator, quoted by Lenski, states, “Timothy was circumcised because of Jewish unbelievers, not because of Jewish believers.” Titus, who was a Gentile, refused to be circumcised, even though Judaizing teachers apparently tried to persuade him. [See Galatians 2:1-10.]
2. What were the “decrees” that were delivered to the churches?
   Answer: The letter from the Jerusalem council (Acts 15) regarding the eating of meat sacrificed to idols, from blood, from what has been strangled, and from fornication.”
3. What did Paul do in Phrygia and Galatia?
   Answer: Nothing. He passed through, forbidden by the Holy Spirit to preach in Asia. (16:6)
4. Why would a man from Macedonia be any different than any other man?
   Answer: Macedonia was in Europe (16:9-10). Also note that, starting in verse 10, the voice changes to “we,” indicating that Luke joined them in Troas. See Acts – Geography, Map 6.
5. What was a Roman “colony”?
   Answer: An area outside Italy that enjoyed the same status as colonies in Italy. From Lenski’s Interpretation of the Acts of the Apostles, page 652:
   ”In 42 B. C. the battle of Philippi was fought between the Second Triumvirate (Octavius, Antonius, Lepidus) and the republicans of Rome under Brutus and Cassius, which resulted in a defeat for the latter, both of whom were killed. In commemoration of the victory Octavius made Philippi a colony. After the battle of Actium in 31 B. C. Augustus sent more Roman veterans to the colony and raised the standing of Philippi to the highest point by granting it the so-called jus Italicum, i.e. putting it on a par with the Roman colonies in Italy.”
6. What was the occupation and home town of Lydia?
   Answer: She was a dealer in purple cloth from Thyatira [one of the seven churches to which Revelation was written]. See Acts – Geography, Map 6.
7. How did the Lord open the heart of Lydia?
   Answer: Through the preaching of the word (16:14). From Lenski, pg. 658:
   ”The Lord opens the heart, but the hand with which he lifts the latch and draws the door is the Word which he makes us hear, and the door opens as we heed…keep holding our mind to what we hear. No man can open the door of his heart himself, nor can he help the Lord to open it by himself lifting the latch and moving the door. The one thing he can do is to bolt the door, i. e., refuse to hear and to heed; and thus he can keep the door closed and bar it even more effectually than it was at first. This prevents conversion.”
8. Why did Paul rebuke the spirit in the maid at Philippi?
   Answer: Because the spirit was from the wrong source (16:18). Also, she was being used by greedy men.
9. What was an accusation to the slave masters before the magistrates in Philippi?
   Answer: They were advocating unlawful customs, which amounted to treason (16:21).
10. Was the jailor listening to the singing and praying of Paul and Silas?
    Answer: No. He was asleep (16:25,27). Note verse 33: “He washed their stripes.” They had been in total darkness in this inner cell, having been whipped (verse 23 – “severe flogging”) without any attention paid to their wounds. The jailer took it on himself to attend to their wounds.
11. Why ask the magistrates to deliver them personally?
    Answer: The condemnation and imprisonment were public; Paul wanted a public acknowledgement and apology.
12. Why did the magistrates “fear” Paul and Silas?
    Answer: They feared these Roman citizens would make trouble for them with their superiors. They had jailed Roman citizens without a trial (verse 37 – “They have beaten us in public, uncondemned….”). Note verse 40: They went to Lydia’s house to encourage disciples there.
13. For how many Sabbaths did Paul reason from the scriptures in the synagogue at Thessalonica? What was his message?
    Answer: He stayed three Sabbaths. His message was that Jesus, who had suffered and risen from the dead, was the Messiah. (17:3)
14. Who did Paul stay with in Thessalonica? How did this man get into trouble?
    Answer: He apparently stayed with Jason (17:5-7), which caused trouble for Jason. A mob of Jews dragged Jason out of his house and brought him and other disciples before the authorities, shouting that Jason had entertained the men who “have been turning the world upside down.” Comment: An accusation we certainly don’t hear today about Christians today.
15. Where was Luke left to work? Timothy? Silas and Timothy?
    Answer: Luke was left in Philippi (16:16,40). Timothy was left in Thessalonica (17:10). Silas and Timothy were left in Berea (17:14).
16. Why did Paul leave Berea?
    Answer: The Jews from Thessalonica came to Berea to stir up trouble.
17. What provoked Paul’s spirit in Athens?
    Answer: All the idols he saw there (17:17). Note: Whereas we might be intimidated by the size of the city and the idolatry problem, Paul sought out an opportunity and place where he could address the problem.
18. What is an Epicurean? Answer: The philosophy that “the highest good from life can be secured only in pleasure.” They were “atheistic evolutionists.”
    What is a Stoic? Answer: A philosophy that “the highest good comes from self discipline, denying natural and necessary desires.” They were “pantheon evolutionists.” Per Dewitt, in Acts Made Actual, one produced degenerates, the other suicides.
19. What was the “Areopagus”?
    Answer: Also known as Mars Hill, it’s a bare marble hill next to the Acropolis in Athens. Before the 5th century BC, it was the council of elders of the city, like the Roman Senate.
20. List the major points in Paul’s sermon.
    Answer:
    1. You are extremely religious
    2. You have an altar to “the unknown god.”
    3. I proclaim that your “unknown god” is the Creator of all.
    4. This God commands all people to repent.
    5. The world will be judged by a man whom God appointed and raised from the dead.
    From Dewitt’s Acts Made Actual:
    1. Creator of all (24-26)
    2. Within reach of all (27-29)
    3. Gives salvation to all (30-31)
21. At what point in Paul’s sermon did some begin to mock? What were the results of Paul’s sermon?
    Answer: When they heard of the resurrection. Some mocked, some put it off until later, some believed. Dewitt: the church in Athens was one of the strongest congregations of the empire in the 2nd and 3rd centuries.

Studies in Acts–Lesson 8

Read Acts 12:25 – 14:20

1. Who returned from Jerusalem to Antioch?
   Answer: Barnabas, Saul, and John Mark. Note: Barnabas is mentioned before Saul.

2. For what were Barnabas and Saul separated?
   Answer: For the work to which the Holy Spirit had called them. (13:2)

3. They were sent on their way by the Holy Spirit. They went to Seleucia ,and sailed from there to Cyprus. They visited the city of Salamis, then traveled through the whole island to Paphos. (13:4-6)

4. Elymas was struck blind for a while and led by the hand. (13:6-11) Note: Elymas was also known as Bar-Jesus, which means “son of Jesus” or “son of salvation.” In v. 10, Paul calls him a “son of the devil.” He was a Jewish false prophet (v. 6). Also note: From verse 9, Saul is referred to as Paul – possibly a transition from his Hebrew name to one that is Greek.

5. Sergius Paulus  [the pro-consul, or governor of the region] believed and was astonished at the teaching of the Lord. (13:12) Note: He was astonished at the teaching, not the miracle.

6. Sailing from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphilia, where John Mark returned to Jerusalem. But Paul and Barnabas continued until they came to Antioch of Pisidia, where on the sabbath day they entered the synagogue and sat down. (13:13,14) Note: Now it’s “Paul and his companions.” Paul has taken (and Barnabas has given up) the leadership role.

True or False

1. Paul's sermon here is similar to Peter's on Pentecost. True – although it was more like Stephen’s in Acts 8. He does speak of David, death, and resurrection.

2. Many Jews and a few proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas. False – Apparently many proselytes also followed them. v. 43

3. The following Sunday almost the whole city came to hear Paul preach. False – It was the following Sabbath, which was a Saturday. v. 44

4. When the multitude saw the Jews, they were filled with jealousy. False – When the Jews saw the multitude…. v. 45

5. God judged the Jews unworthy of eternal life, so Paul turned to the Gentiles. False – The Jews judged themselves unworthy. v. 46

6. Some of the Gentiles were ordained to eternal life. True. It doesn’t say God pre-ordained them, leaving them with no free will. The word here, according to Lenski, conveys the concept of being pre-disposed to hear.

   “Here we have a contrast: the Jews thrust away the Word; these Gentiles glorify the Word…the Jews regard themselves unworthy of eternal life; these Gentiles are in line for eternal life. Who put them in line? God did so by sending Paul and Barnabas and his Word and his grace and by making both come in contact with their hearts. (Lenski, pg. 552)

7. Devout women of honorable estate helped Paul and Barnabas. False. The Jews incited them against Paul and Barnabas.

8. Paul and Barnabas shook the dust off their feet; the disciples were happy. True. (13:51,52) Note: This “shaking the dust” was commanded by Jesus in Matthew 10:14. Verse 52 is reminiscent of Acts 5:41, when the apostles “rejoiced that they were worthy to suffer dishonor for the sake of the name.”

Fill in the Blank

1. In Iconium, Paul and Barnabas entered the synagogue of the Jews, and spoke so effectively that a great number of both Jews and Greeks believed. (14:1)

2. Although the unbelieving Jews stirred up the Gentiles, Paul and Barnabas stayed a long time, speaking boldly for the Lord, who confirmed their words with signs and wonders. (14:2-3)

3. The city was divided, part holding with the Jews and part with the apostles. 14:4)

4. At Lystra, after healing the man with crippled feet, the multitude, in the language of the Lyconians, exclaimed that the gods were come down in the form of humans, calling Barnabas Zeus (or Jupiter) and Paul Hermes (or Mercury). (14:8-12) Note: Zeus and Hermes were the Greek names for the King of the Gods and the Speaker, or Messenger of the gods; Jupiter and Mercury were the Roman names.

5. When Paul and Barnabas understood, they tore their clothes, and rushed into the crowd, asked why the people did this, because Paul and Barnabas were only mortals. (14:14,15)

6. Jews came from Antioch and Iconium, and persuaded the crowds, and they stoned Paul, and dragged him out of the city, thinking he was dead. (14:19)

7. As the disciples gathered around Paul, he got up and went back to the city (Lystra). Then he and Barnabas left for Derbe. (14:20)