Studies in Acts, Lesson 1

Read Acts 1 and 2, Matthew 18:18-20; Mark 16:15; and Luke 1:3; 24:26, 27

1. Who wrote the book? Why do you think so? (See Luke 1:3.)
   Comments: Luke. Because the writer mentions writing a previous book, and both Luke and Acts are addressed to Theophilus. Acts seems to be a continuation of the gospel of Luke.
2. Is everything that Jesus taught recorded in the New Testament?
   Comments: Certainly not every word he said was recorded. According to John 21:25, all the books in the world could not have recorded all he did. That must be true of the things he said, too. We have to believe, however, that the gospel writers wrote down everything he wants us to know. Acts 20:35 mentions a teaching of Jesus that is not found in the gospels: “It is more blessed to give than to receive.”
3. What question did the apostles ask Jesus on His last day on earth? Do you think there is anything strange about this question?
   Comments: v. 6 – Are you going to restore the kingdom of Israel? After Jesus’ emphasis that his kingdom was not of this world, they were still looking for the restoration of David’s physical kingdom. After all, Jesus was his descendant.

True or False

1. The filling of the office of Judas happened while there were 120 present.
   True – 1:15
2. Isaiah said, "Let his habitation be made desolate, and let no man dwell herein, and his office let another take." False – 1:20. It was David, in Psalms.
3. Judas pointed Jesus out to His enemies by kissing Him. True – Luke 22:47-48; Acts 1:16
4. There was but one direct qualification given for an apostle. True – 1:21,22
5. The apostles knew even before Pentecost that they were to preach the resurrection of Christ. True – 1:22; Mark 16:15
6. God was the one who chose Matthias. True – 1:23-26

Short Answers

1. Be able to recite from memory the names of the twelve Apostles.
   Comments: From Matthew 10:2-4 – Simon Peter and Andrew; James and John; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew; James the Son of Alphaeus and Thaddeus; Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. In the list in Acts 12:13-14, Judas Iscariot is not mentioned, and Thaddeus is called Judas son of James.
2. Where do you think the apostles were on the Day of Pentecost?
   Comments: In a room in the temple. It seems reasonable that that’s where they would have gathered on Pentecost. It would also accommodate all the Jews that gathered around the apostles.
3. What miraculous manifestations occurred at this time?
   Comments:1) The sound of a mighty (violent) wind filled the house;
   2) What looked like divided tongues of fire rested on each of them.
   3) They began to speak in other languages. (2:2-3)
4. What kind of Jews were present at Pentecost? In general, where were they from?
   Comments: They were devout (God-fearing) Jews from “every nation under heaven.”
5. Were there mockers in the group? How did Peter answer them?
   Comments: v. 13 – They accused the apostles of having drunk too much wine. v. 13 – Peter answered that it couldn’t be so; it was only nine in the morning! One commentary mentioned that it was too early even to have broken the fast from the night before.
6. In your own words, state the four points that Peter gave in the opening words of his sermon (vss. 22-24).
   a) Jesus of Nazareth proved he was from God by his miracles, wonders, and signs.
   b) He was handed over to you, just as God had planned.
   c) You, helped by wicked men, crucified him.
   d) But God raised him from the dead.
7. Why did the words of 2:36 cause such an impact upon those who heard? What was their immediate reaction?
   Comments: They realized they had killed the Messiah. They were cut to the heart – it was a painful realization. They asked if there was anything they could do about it.
8. What was Peter’s instruction to these men?
   Comments: Repent and be baptized in the name of Christ for the forgiveness of sin. He also made the promise that they would receive the gift of the Holy Spirit, which could include not only being sealed by the Holy Spirit, as in Ephesians 1:13-14, but also the fruits of the Spirit, listed in Galatians 5:22-24.
9. What is meant by the expression “as many as received his word”?
   Comments: Those who accepted his message – believed him.
10. List five things that happened to a group of the devout Jews on Pentecost that were the direct result of Peter's sermon. (2:37-41)
    a) They were cut to the heart – v. 37
    b)They repented – v. 38
    c) They were baptized for the forgiveness of sins – vv. 38, 41
    d) They received the gift of the Holy Spirit – v. 38
    e) They were added to the apostles’ number – they became disciples.
11. Do any of the scriptures in the remainder of the lesson set or establish a pattern that we today should practice? If so, what? List them.
    Comments: v. 42 – They were devoted to the apostles’ teaching, to fellowship, breaking of bread, and prayer. vv. 44-45 – They shared what they had with each other; they were generous. v. 46 – They continued to meet together, praising God, and enjoying favor with the community.

Luke 23 and 24

1. 23:1-7 What were the accusations against Jesus?
   Comments: v. 2: Perverting the nation, forbidding to pay taxes to Caesar, saying that he is a king. v. 5: Stirring up the people. In John 18:33-38, Jesus explains his kingship to Pilate. Their accusation that he forbid his disciples to pay taxes was clearly a lie, made clear to the chief priests and scribes in Luke 20:21-26. Other note: Pilate is looking for a way out, so when he hears Jesus is a Galilean, he quickly sends him to Herod, the Tetrarch of Galilee.
2. 23:8-12 What was Herod’s attitude toward Jesus?
   Comments: At first, Herod was curious and wanted to see a miracle (a “trick”). But when Jesus wouldn’t respond, and the chief priests and scribes accused Jesus, Herod treated him with contempt and mocked him. Jesus had no respect for Herod. In Luke 13:32, he calls Herod a “fox.” Other notes about Herod: He became Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea in 4 B.C., upon the death of Herod the Great (Luke 3:1). He was also the one who beheaded John the Baptist (Luke 3:19-20).
3. 23:13-25 Why did Pilate release Barabbas instead of Jesus?
   Comments: To appease the mob. Also see John 19:12, where the crowd tells Pilate, “If you release him you’re no friend of Caesar.” Hendricksen states the following possible reasons Pilate wanted to release Jesus: 1) A sense of justice; 2) Jesus was more noble than his accusers; 3) Hatred for the Jews; 4) Superstitious fear (John 19:7-8); 5) A combination of the previous reasons.
4. 23:26-43 What concern did Jesus have for the women of Jerusalem? For those who crucified Him? For the malefactors?
   Comments: vv. 27-31: He was concerned that the women of Jerusalem would suffer in the fall of Jerusalem; v. 34: He asked God to forgive those who crucified them, because “they know not what they do.” vv. 39-43: He forgave the thief that was penitent and asked to be with Jesus in his kingdom. Note: Sometimes we forgive people with the consolation that someday God will “get them.” Jesus asks for God’s forgiveness for his crucifiers. Also, in the case of the thieves, he didn’t offer forgiveness unconditionally; he didn’t promise paradise to the the unrepentant thief.
5. 23:44-49 What was happening around Jesus when He died?
   Comments: v. 44 – darkness for 3 hours; v. 45 – the sun was darkened, the veil of the temple was torn in two; v. 47 – the centurion declared Jesus a righteous man; v. 48 – the crowd beat their breasts and returned home. [When they saw the crucifixion, they began to realize what they had done. They had just killed a godly man – maybe even the Messiah! In the words of Lenski, the commentator: “They came to witness a show; they left with feelings of woe.”] v. 49 – his female disciples and other acquaintances stood at a distance, watching.
6. 23:50-56 How did some of the disciples serve Him, even in death?
   Comments: vv. 50-54: Joseph of Arimathea went to Pilate, asked for Jesus’ body and laid it in a new tomb. (as prophesied in Isaiah 53:9).
7. 24:1-12 What did the women find at the tomb?
   Comments: The stone was rolled away, and the body was gone. Two men dressed in shining garments stood by, declaring that Jesus was risen from the dead, “Why seek ye the living among the dead?” Did their wanting to dress Jesus for his burial show their lack of faith that he would rise again? The consensus of the class was that his resurrection was beyond their experience; they were simply following custom and honoring the body of the one they loved.
8. 24:13-35 What did Jesus have to explain to the two men on the road to Emmaus?
   Comments: The Scriptures that prophesied about him and how what had happened to this “Prophet” was the fulfillment of those scriptures. They didn’t seem to realize this “prophet” was also the Messiah. He prefaced his teaching with “O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken!”
9. 24:36-43 What kind of resurrection body did Jesus have?
   Comments: v. 30 He ate; v. 36 – He appeared our of nowhere. They were in a room that was shut (John 20:19). They could touch him.
10. 24:44-49 The preaching of repentance and remission of sins was to begin where? How long were the apostles to stay there?
    Comments: Jerusalem, until they were endued with power from on high.
11. 24:50-53 What was the attitude of the disciples after Jesus left them?
    Comments:  They were no longer sad. They were joyful, continuing in the temple, praising and blessing God. They undoubtedly had a lot to talk about as they realized the significance of all that Jesus had taught them.

Luke 21 and 22

1. 21:1-4 How can it be that two copper coins was more than what the rich men gave?
   Comments: As a percentage, it was much more than they gave. They gave out of their abundance; she gave all her livelihood. This does not necessarily mean she had no means of living in a culture that may not have depended upon currency as much as we do. Nevertheless, it was obvious that she gave not out of show but out of a desire to give. Like the Macedonians of 2 Corinthians 8:3-5, she first gave herself to the Lord. Note: What she gave equaled 1/16 of a denarius, which was a day’s wage.
2. 21:5-33 When Jesus spoke of “the end” in verse 9, of what was he speaking? (See vv. 6, 20.) Would anyone escape? (v. 21)
   Comments: The destruction of Jerusalem (in AD 70). Jesus told some how they could flee when they saw the approaching Roman armies. Note in verses 10-16 the persecution that some would undergo before that destruction, including betrayal by their families. In light of this, it’s no wonder Jesus told them in 14:26,27 that they might have to choose between him and their families. Note also that, even during these last days of his life, he was thinking not of himself but of his disciples’ safety some 40 years later.
3. 21:9, 12, 20, 32 When would these things happen?
   Comments: v. 9 – When they heard rumors of wars; v. 12 – after persecution of the disciples; v. 20 – when they saw Jerusalem surrounded by armies; v. 32 – in the present generation.
4. 21:34-36 What warning would be given for “that day,” and how much of the earth would it affect? (See also Matthew 24:36-44)
   Comments: There would be no warning; it would come on them like a trap and would affect the whole earth.
5. 21:37-38 How did Jesus spend His last days on earth?
   Comments: Teaching in the temple during the day, and resting at night on Mount Olivet. Even with just a few days left in his ministry, Jesus still saw the need to rest – a good example for us.
6. 22:1-6 What characteristics do you see in the chief priests, scribes, and Judas as they conspired to end Jesus’ life?
   Comments: Deceit, conniving, betrayal, even delight as Judas presented them a way to carry out their murderous plot – characteristics of Satan. They were also fearful of the people.
7. 22:7-23 What were Jesus’ instructions to His disciples concerning the bread and the cup?
   Comments: To eat the bread in his memory, because it is his body; to drink the cup, because it is the new covenant in His blood, shed for us.
   Discussion: If this is important, why is Luke the only gospel writer to mention it? By insisting we do it every Sunday, does it become a sacrament? It seemed to be important to the 1st century Christians, as indicated in Acts 20:7 and in Paul’s instructions in 1 Corinthians 11:23-28. In these examples, taking it in community with others and as a means to remember the sacrifice of Christ was what was important, not the bread and wine themselves. None of the class members were sure about the definition, purpose, or traditional number of sacraments, a subject for further research.
   Notes on the Passover: According to Hendriksen’s commentary, the traditional Passover followed a certain order: 
   1) Prayer of thanksgiving by the household head; a cup of (diluted) wine.
   2) Eating of bitter herbs.
   3) The son’s inquiry: “Why is this night different?” and the father replying with the Passover story.
   4) Singing the first part of Hallel (Psalm 113 and 114), washing of hands, a 2nd cup of wine.
   5) Carving and eating the lamb and unleavened bread. 3rd cup of wine.
   6) Continuing to eat – always the last of the lamb.
   7) Singing the last part of Hallel (Psalm 115, 116, 117, 118). 4th cup of wine.
   Which Cup? 1 Corinthians 11:25 mentions the cup that Jesus took after supper as the symbol of the new covenant: the blood He shed on the cross.
8. 22:24-30 In the kingdom of Christ, who is the greatest?
   Comments: The one who is as the younger, and as one who serves. This dispute seems to be a progression from the previous section. They begin questioning who would betray Jesus and progress to a discussion of who was the best person among them. They discuss this while Jesus is preparing to undergo the ultimate humiliation: death on the cross. Note in Luke 9:46-48 they had the same dispute.
9. 22:31-46 What kind of concern did Jesus show for His disciples, even as He was preparing Himself to die?
   Comments: v. 32 - He prayed for Peter’s faith; vv. 35-38 - He was concerned for their physical sustenance and protection (the sword); vv. 40  – He told them to pray for protection from Satan. Note: v. 32 – Jesus knew that Peter would deny him; he also knew he would repent, “return” to him and be able to strengthen the brethren.
10. 22:47-53 What concern did Jesus show even for those who came to arrest Him?
    Comments: He healed the ear of the priest’s servant that Peter cut off (See John 18:10-11). The swords he permitted them to have weren’t intended to be used for this purpose.
11. 22:54-62 What happened just before Peter remembered Jesus’ prophecy of his denial?
    Comments: The rooster crowed, and Jesus turned and looked at Peter. It must have added to the Lord’s sorrows to watch Peter’s realization and the sorrow it caused him.
12. 22:63-71 What kind of treatment did Jesus receive after He was arrested?
    Comments: They mocked him, beat him, blindfolded him, struck him on the face, mocked him, and accused him of blasphemy.

Luke 19 and 20

1. 19:1-10 What two attributes of Zaccheus are good examples for us? Why did Jesus come to earth?
   Comments: He sought to see Jesus, he was determined, he welcomed Jesus, and he was repentant.
   Other notes: Zaccheus had faith and trust in God, if he could just get close enough to Him. Sometimes our “shortness” keeps us from seeing what we need to be doing. Zaccheus went out of his way to see Jesus. When Jesus called him, Zaccheus ran to him, even though Jesus knew his profession. Notice that Jesus initiated the contact: He came to seek and to save the lost.
2. 19:11-27 When the nobleman gave each of his servants ten pounds, what did he expect them to do with the money?
   Comments: To put the money to work, to increase it. Those who seek spiritual gain will become richer; those who squander it will lose what they have. If we speak of the money as the gospel, then it follows that those who use their opportunities to spread the gospel will receive even more opportunities.
   He punished the lazy servant who made lame excuses by taking away his money. He executed those “enemies of mine” (verse 27) who hated him and had sent a delegation after him because they didn’t want his leadership (verse 14).
3. 19:28-40 Describe the scene (Jesus, the multitude of disciples, the Pharisees) when Jesus entered Jerusalem.
   Comments: Jesus rode on a colt. The whole crowd of disciples began to joyfully praise God for all the miracles they had seen. Many spread their clothes on the road. The Pharisees were not jubilant; they told Jesus to rebuke his disciples.
4. 19:37-46 What kind of emotion(s) did Jesus have when He entered the city?
   Comments: He had a quiet sadness.
   v. 41 – As Jesus approached Jerusalem and looked over the city, he wept – an open sadness. In spite of the crowd’s  jubilation, Jesus knew they praised him for the wrong reasons. They were looking for an earthly, political kingdom that would free them from Roman oppression. It wouldn’t be long before they would reject him and be shouting for his crucifixion.
   v. 46 – He seemed to express anger when he drove the sellers out of the temple. “My house is a house of prayer, not a den of thieves.”
5. 19:45-48 Who were Jesus’ enemies?
   Comments: vv. 45-46 – The sellers in the temple; v. 47 – the chief priests, teachers of the law, the ruling Jewish council, and other leaders among the people.
6. 20:1-8 Why didn’t Jesus answer the question about his authority?
   Comments: He knew they were trying to discredit him. They had a hidden agenda, planning to use his answer against him, and he saw through it. If he had no credentials, the people wouldn’t want to listen to him. If he claimed divine authority, they could accuse him of blasphemy. Note: “These things” probably included the temple cleansing.
7. 20:9-18 Who do you think the owner, husbandmen, servants, and son represent in the parable Jesus taught? Who is the stone?
   Comments:
   Owner: God.
   Husbandmen (farmers, vinedressers): Israel, including the teachers of the law and chief priests (v. 19)
   Servants: Prophets
   Son: Jesus
   Stone: Jesus
8. 20:19-26 What was Jesus’ answer to the spies’ question?
   Comments: Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s. If Jesus said “Yes,” it would alienate the Jews, who hated the tax. If he said “No,” he could be accused of rebellion against the Roman government. In this way, he said “Yes” to paying taxes to the government and “No” to giving Caesar divine honor. That belongs only to God.
9. 20:27-38 What logic did Jesus use to prove to the Sadducees that there is a resurrection?
   Comments: He referred to Moses and the burning bush (Exodus 3), where God calls Himself the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, even though they were dead.
10. 20:39-47 For what does Jesus condemn the scribes? What lesson from the widow contrasts with the behavior of the scribes as Jesus has just described them?
    Comments: They showed off, liked being important, thought they were better than anyone else. They were hypocrites, for while they made a show, they were taking advantage of widows. They used fraud and schemes for selfish gain. Compared to the widow in the next few verses in Chapter 21, they were arrogant, while she was humble. She was quietly generous, while they were brashly hypocritical.

Luke 17 and 18

General Observations:

• It may seem sometimes that Luke’s account is disjointed, seeming to jump from one subject to another. However, as Hendriksen points out, even though the account is not always chronological, Luke does mean for it to be “orderly,” as he states in Luke 1:3. Therefore, we seek to find continuity and theme in this study.
• A class member observed a theme in Luke 18: Dependence on God. As we answered the questions, we saw this emphasis again and again, much like we saw an emphasis on urgency in Luke 13-14.

1. 17:1-6 What should be our attitude toward those who sin against us and repent over and over again?
   Comments: Rebuke him (verse 3 – Also see Galatians 6:1-4), and if he repents, forgive him. Remember that this is an offense against us, not a sin of lifestyle. Rather than rebuking someone who offends us, we tend to avoid that person, which is not good for either party. The offender may go on making the same mistake, and we may have lost a friend because we’ve been too lazy or cowardly to confront the problem.
   In verses 1 and 2, we are warned against causing another to sin; in verses 3-6, we are instructed in how to prevent further sin. In the NKJV, verse 3 reads, “Take heed to yourselves.” Hendricksen translates this “Look out for one another.”
2. 17:7-10 How should we view our service to the Master?
   Comments: As unworthy servants. As our duty, not as some gracious deed for which we should be thanked.
   Continuity I see after reading from Hendriksen’s commentary: To forgive (vv. 3-6) requires help from above, so the apostles ask to increase their faith. Jesus compares faith to a mustard seed, which starts small and continues to grow and gain power. in . The servant in the example did only his duty. As our faith grows, so will our gratitude for our position as servants to the King – and to others. We will do more than is our duty to do.
3. 17:11-19 Which of the ten lepers thanked Jesus for healing him?
   Comments: Only a Samaritan. The others went their way – healed, but without giving glory to God – which is what Jesus wanted them to do. They didn’t recognize their dependence on the mercy of God.
4. 17:20-21 Is the kingdom of God spiritual or physical?
   Comments: It’s spiritual – inside of us – but being a Christian affects the physical world around us. The Greek word used here is basileia, which can be translated either kingdom  or kingship, indicating Christ as our Lord and our King. The Jews wanted a kingdom they could see – and show.
5. 17:22-37 Who can predict the Lord’s return?
   Comments: No one. We must always be ready. The final judgment will be sudden and final.
   There was some discussion about whether this refers to the destruction of Jerusalem or to the end of the world. It seems to use the language of both the destruction of Jerusalem (Mark 13:14-23) and the end of the world (Matthew 24:36-44). The point of Jesus’ teaching here is not to listen to those who claim to have special insight into the return of Christ. When he comes again, everyone will know. As vultures find a body – no matter how remote is may be – so the judgment of Christ will strike those who are not faithful – wherever they are.
6. 18:1-14 What do the stories of the widow and the tax collector teach us about prayer?
   Comments: The widow was persistent in her requests for judgment. The tax collector was humble. The Pharisee, on the other hand, relied on himself to get it all done. Both the widow and the tax collector relied on someone else for help. The justice that God gives may be even greater than what we’ve requested. Again, the theme of dependence on God.
   Note: Whereas the unrighteous judge took his time in gaining justice for the woman, the Lord’s vengeance will come quickly (v. 8).
7. 18:15-17 What did Jesus mean by “as a little child” in verse 17?
   Comments: Having a childlike faith – total dependence on God, never doubting. A child is humble, trusting, never too proud to turn down a gift. Children also show unconditional love. One of the women told the story of a grandchild, expressing his love for his aunt, who has a chronic bronchial condition. “I love your face; I love your breathing tube.”
8. 18:18-30 What kept the young ruler from following Jesus?
   Comments: His dependence on his wealth. People who have visited poorer countries observed that, even in all their poverty, they seem happy. Is it possible that because they don’t have things, they can’t depend on them and therefore they value their relationships more? Jesus loved the young ruler; he knew he would be happiest if he depended on God rather than on his wealth.
   This is not an indictment against being wealthy – only a misplaced dependence on it. People with financial means can do a lot of good with it.
9. 18:31-34 What was the prediction Jesus made about Himself?
   Comments: He would be mocked, insulted, spit upon, scourged, and killed. On the third day He would rise again. He also said that all the things written by the prophets would come true. The apostles didn’t seem to grasp what he was saying. Was it because he referred to himself in the third person? All these things would happen to the “Son of Man. “
   There was also some discussion of what Jesus went through mentally, knowing exactly what would happen to him, while knowing he had the power to prevent it. We also noted that he could have willed himself to die sooner, but he first made sure that all prophecy was fulfilled.
10. 18:35-43 What did the blind man do so that he would be healed? How did his faith heal him? What was the result of his asking for help?
    Comments: He cried out repeatedly, “Lord, have mercy on me.” He acted on his faith, even though others were telling him not to. He received his sight. He depended on the mercy and power of Christ.

Luke 15 and 16

1. 15:1-7 The shepherd looking for the lost sheep is a picture of whom? Who else might it be?
   Comments: Christ – and God. They love all their sheep. Note on verse 7: “…ninety-nine persons who need no repentance.” The Pharisees only thought they were righteous, needing no repentance, (Luke 5:31; 18:9). Hendriksen’s observations: Jesus was being consistent with his instructions (14:12-14); the publicans and sinners were following his instruction (14:35).
2. 15:8-10 What was the value of the coin to the woman? How useful was it while it was lost?
   Comments: The loss of it (worth a day’s wage in monetary terms) made her obsessive about finding it and needing to share her joy when finding it. The value? Priceless. Its use as long as it was lost? Nothing. Hendriksen: We can have four attitudes toward the lost: 1) hatred; 2) indifference; 3) welcoming; and 4) seeking.
3. 15:11-21 List some differences between the son who left home and the son who came back.
   Comments: The son who left was demanding (v. 12); wasteful (v. 13); extravagant (v. 14); rebellious (v. 13); hungry (v. 16). When he came back he was realistic (v. 17); repentant and humble – he had sinned against heaven (v. 19); willing to act (v. 20). The father described his son as dead, then alive; lost, then found (v. 32).
4. 15:20-32 The father in this parable is a picture of whom?
   Comments: God – who loves all his children equally (vv. 24 and 31) – the picture of forgiving love and divine mercy.
5. 15:25-32 How is the older son’s attitude a lesson for us?
   Comments: The older son was self-centered and jealous. Lessons for us? 1) We don’t begrudge the work we do nor do we expect a special reward. 2) We rejoice with those who rejoice. 3) We rejoice that one lost is found. 4) We are forgiving, trust in the repentance of others.
6. 16:1-8 For what did the rich man commend the steward?
   Comments: His shrewdness – not for his crookedness. As the steward made provision for his monetary future, so must we for our spiritual wellbeing. The master does not represent Jesus. Note: 100 measures of oil is equivalent to 800-900 gallons; 100 cor of wheat equivalent to 1000 bushels.
7. 16:9-12 What is Jesus’ example of “very little” in verse 10?
   Comments: Use money for good things to bless people; use your money for good works (v. 9). What is “very little” or “least” is material wealth (v. 10).
8. 16:13-18 Why did the Pharisees scoff at Jesus?
   Comments: Because they didn’t appreciate what he said about money. How could Jesus talk? He had no money! Note: Verse 13 repeats what Jesus said in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 6:24)
9. 16:19-23 How were the roles of the rich man and Lazarus reversed?
   Comments: The rich man received good things in this life, but was tormented after death; Lazarus was tormented in this life, comforted in the next (v. 25). The rich man became the beggar (v. 27). He had not made friends by mammon (16:9).
10. 16:24-31 What is more important than even someone being raised from the dead?
    Comments: Heeding what has been written. To illustrate what the actual response of his brothers may have been, note the response to the resurrection of Lazarus in John 11. The chief priests wanted to kill Lazarus, to remove the evidence of the miracle (John 12:9-11).

Luke 13 and 14

1. 13:1-9 Were the people who died worse sinners than others?
   Comments: No. Everyone – Jew and Gentile – must repent. Hendrickson: “Not for a moment should they imagine they can escape God’s judgment just because they are Jews.” Ecclesiastes 9:11-12 – Death comes to us all. Matthew 7:1-3 – Judge not, lest you be judged by the same standard. Note: In the first example, they were Gentiles; in the second example, they were Jews. We must ask ourselves, “When calamity strikes, what lesson is there for me to learn?” One lesson here: Look to yourselves! The time to repent is now.
2. 13:10-17 What was the ruler of the synagogue really concerned about?
   Comments: His man-man rules for the Sabbath, and a desire to discredit Jesus. (See 12:1.) The ruler shows his cowardice here: Notice he speaks to the crowd, not to Jesus. Other comments: He is jealous; as ruler of the synagogue, he feels like he must warn the crowd away; he is afraid Jesus will usurp his authority.
3. 13:18-21 How is the kingdom like a mustard seed? How is it like leaven? Consider: What is the kingdom of God?
   Comments: It is like a mustard seed in that it started small and grew to fill most of the world – it grew numerically. It is like leaven in its influence on society, making every community, every culture, better. See Mark 4:26-29 – God grows it. Neither the seed nor the  leaven can be seen as it does its work.
4. 13:22-30 How did Jesus teach that entrance into the kingdom is both inclusive (everyone can enter in) and exclusive (only a few can enter in)?
   Comments: As in John 3:16, salvation is available to all, but will be given only to those who believe and accept God’s grace. Philippians 2:12-13: We work, relying on God to work in us. “Make every effort” = strive = Greek for agonize. All who strive to enter in – before it’s too late – can enter. The time to repent is now.
5. 13:31-35 How did Jesus show both His courage and His compassion when told of Herod’s threat?
   Comments: He was not afraid of Herod; he laments over Jerusalem. John 1:11: His own people rejected Him. Note in Mark 3:6 and 12:13 how both the Herodians and Pharisees joined in opposing Jesus. It’s possible these Pharisees were sent by Herod.
6. 14:1-6 Why didn’t the lawyers and Pharisees answer Jesus’ questions?
   Comments: 1) They chose not to answer (See also 6:9), silently allowing to go ahead – waiting to see if He would? 2) They couldn’t answer, verse 6. It would show their inconsistency, that all they were trying to do was discredit Him.
7. 14:7-14 Jesus teaches lessons to both guests and hosts? What are those lessons?
   Comments: Guests: Wait to be asked to take a better place and avoid humiliation. See Proverbs 25:6-7. Hosts: Don’t limit your invitations to those like you. In doing so, you cheat yourselves.
8. 14:15-24 Why was the master of the house angry when those he invited made excuses not to come?
   Comments: He had prepared the feast, expecting them to come. It  appears they had initially accepted the invitations, then made lame excuses. Lesson: The kingdom is not limited to Jews. Again – Accept Christ’s invitation now.
9. 14:25-27 What are two requirements for becoming a disciple of Christ?
   Comments: 1) Following Christ is our top priority. 2) Bearing our cross means denying ourselves. See Galatians 2:20. Re: the use of the word “hate”:  In Genesis 29:31, Jacob “hated” (KJV) Lea in comparison to his love for Rachel. Matthew 5:44 tells us to love our enemies, so this must be a question of priority. The class had a good discussion about what it means to put Christ first. Does this mean we never miss worshipping on Sunday morning, no matter what, or is it more than that? The question is: If we had to deny Christ in order to keep our families, which choice would we make?
10. 14:28-35 What is the cost of becoming a disciple of Christ? Why is it so important to count the cost? Comments: The cost is our own selves – our time, resources, energy, personality. It’s important to count the cost so we’ll know how to respond when choices come, to prevent failure. Verse 29 – To prevent ridicule and defeat.

Luke 11 and 12

1. 11:1-13 How will God respond to our prayers?
   Comments: v. 3 – He will provide our daily bread; v. 4 – He will forgive our sins; v. 4 – He will protect us from evil; v. 8 – He will respond to our bold persistence; v. 10 – He will open a door for us; vv. 11-12 – He will give us what is best for us; v. 13 – He will give us the Holy Spirit. If we relate verses 9-14 to verses 1-4; if we pray for the kinds of things Jesus mentions in those verses, our prayers will be answered in the affirmative.
2. 11:14-26 What were two reactions from the crowd when Jesus cast the demon out of the dumb man? (esp. vv. 15-16)
   Comments: 1) Some accused Jesus of acting by Satan’s power; 2) Others tested him, demanding another sign – as if that sign wasn’t enough. They didn’t really want another sign; they wanted to ruin his reputation, cast doubt on the source of his power.
3. 11:27-32 Who does Jesus compare to Solomon and Jonah?
   Comments: Himself – the Son of Man. He was greater than Jonah, who was a sign to the Ninevites to repent; He was greater than Solomon, to whom the Queen of Sheba came for wisdom. And she was greater than His critics, because she wanted wisdom.
4. 11:33-36 What does Jesus say is “the lamp of our body”?
   Comments: The eye. (The Queen of Sheba had a better eye than the scribes and Pharisees.) We must not be too blind to see, to understand. When our eyes are opened, our souls are enlightened, and we are also a source of light for others.
5. 11:37-54 Why was Jesus so critical of the Pharisees and lawyers?
   Comments: vv. 39-41 – Hypocrisy; v. 42 – Misguided priorities; v. 43 – Coveting pre-eminence; v. 44 – Insidious danger to others; v. 46 – Mean-spirited; v. 47 – Aided and abetted murderers; v. 52 – Inhibited knowledge
6. 12:1-12 First, Jesus says “Fear Him,” then “Fear not.” What is he talking about?
   Comments: vv. 4-5 – Fear not man, who can merely kill you, but fear God, who can cast you into hell – Respect Him. vv. 6-7 – Do not fear Him who cares for you. Trust Him to do what’s best for you. v. 8 – Do not be afraid to confess Christ before others.
7. 12:13-21 What is covetousness, according to Luke 12, and why is it dangerous?
   Comments: An abundance of things, a dependence on them as a source of comfort. Trusting in things. Material possessions don’t last. Those who pursue after material possessions and pleasures lack focus and direction. God provides that focus and structure for His followers. We no longer wander around like lost Israelites.
8. 12:22-34 How can we rid ourselves of worrying about our physical needs?
   Comments: Consider how God takes care of even the birds and the grass. Seek the kingdom first. Have faith in Him who cares for us.
9. 12:35-48 What is the main lesson in this section (in five words or less, if possible).
   Comments: Always be prepared for God. Be dressed and ready for service. Christ will return: Be ready.
10. 12:49-59 In what way does Christ cause division?
    Comments: His followers depart from the worldly path, and sometimes others don’t accept it. Following Christ causes people to leave the past behind.

Luke 9 and 10

1. 9:1-6 What kind of power did Jesus give to the twelve apostles before He sent them out?
   Comments: 1) Power and authority over all demons: 2) to cure diseases; 3) to preach the kingdom of God; 4) to heal the sick
2. 9:7-17 What kind of doubt did the apostles have when there were so many who had followed Jesus to the desert place?
   Comments: This was beyond their experience, so they couldn’t imagine His ability to do such a thing. The same thing can be true of us. We tend to limit God’s abilities to what we have experienced or can imagine when in reality He can do more than we can imagine. (Hendriksen: They concentrated on the size of the crowd, not on Jesus.)
3. 9:18-27 What are two truths spoken about Jesus in this passage?
   Comments: v. 20 – He is Christ of God. v. 22 – He would die and be resurrected.
4. 9:28-36 What misunderstanding did Peter have that is evident in his suggestion about the tabernacles?
   Comments: That Jesus was just another special lawgiver or prophet – in the same category as Moses and Elijah. Moses was the representation of the Old Law; Elijah was representative of the Old Testament prophets. But Jesus is both lawgiver and prophet, the Son of God; now we listen to Him. (Hendriksen comment: Both Moses and Elijah departed the earth in unusual ways (Deuteronomy 34:6; 2 Kings 2:11).)
5. 9:37-62 What are some other weaknesses of the disciples as shown in this chapter?
   Comments: vv. 37-42 – Lack of faith. vv. 43-45 – Lack of understanding; vv. 46-48 – Pride; vv. 49-50 – Cliquishness; vv. 51-56 – Destructive anger, wanting revenge; vv. 57-62 – Misplaced priorities. Generally, a lack of faith.
6. 10:1-16 What were the main responsibilities of the seventy whom Jesus sent out?
   Comments: vv. 1-4 - To prepare the way for him, test the soil; v. 5 -  To take a message of peace; v. 9 - To preach the kingdom; v. 11 – To judge cities according to their response. Note the two meanings of “the kingdom of God has come near you.” One is a promise (v. 9); the other a warning (v. 11).
7. 10:17-20 What is more important than having the power to cast out demons?
   Comments: To have your name written in heaven. That power was important, but such power ends with death.
8. 10:21-24 How can we know God?
   Comments: Through the Son – Spending time with Him; reading the Word.
9. 10:25-37 How can we know if we love our neighbors as ourselves?
   Comments: By our acts of mercy and compassion; by our deeds. Treating others as we would be treated.
10. 10:38-42 What is the “good part” that Mary chose?
    Comments: To sit at Jesus’ feet and hear his word, undistracted by worldly concerns. Though Martha was serving, she wasn’t displaying a servant’s heart. She felt burdened by her duties and anxious about the outcome.

Luke 7 and 8

1. 7:1-10 The centurion showed great sympathy, benevolence, and humility. However, what was his greatest attribute?
   Comments: Jesus commented about his faith, calling it greater than any faith He had found in Israel.
   Note: It’s possible that this centurion had been responsible for the building of the synagogue where the man in Luke 4:31-37, was healed. William Hendriksen points out that though the elders (v. 4) told Jesus He should heal the centurion’s servant because the centurion was “deserving,” the centurion saw himself as “not worthy” (vv. 6-7).
2. 7:11-17 What was the reaction of the people after Jesus raised the widow’s son from the dead?
   Comments: Fear came upon all, and they glorified God. (However, they saw Jesus only as a prophet, a representative from God, not God Himself.) Other words for “fear” might be “awe” or “shock.”
3. 7:18-23 How was John to know whether or not Jesus was the Christ?
   Comments: By the things He did. He healed the blind, the lame, the leper, and the deaf and even raised the dead. Besides that, He preached the gospel to the poor, perhaps the greatest work of all.
   Note: John was imprisoned in the fortress at Macheurus, a Herodian palace east of the Dead Sea. (F, 12.5 on this Map of Israel.)
4. 7:24-35 What were the two different responses to the teaching of John?
   Comments: 1) Some – even tax collectors – justified God (acknowledged  He was right), and were baptized with John’s baptism. 2) Some “rejected the will of God for themselves” and rejected baptism.
5. 7:36-50 Who are the three main characters in this section? How are they different?
   Comments: Jesus: discerning, forgiving, loving; Simon the Pharisee: self-righteous, critical, judgmental; the sinful woman: repentant, sorrowful, and loving. According to Hendriksen, Luther called her tears “heart water.”
6. 8:1-15 What are the characteristics of a good and honest heart?
   Comments: One with a good and honest heart hears the word, keeps it, and bears fruit with patience. A “noble and good” heart is responsive and perseveres.
7. 8:16-21 With what attitude should we hear the word of God? (18, 21)
   Comments: 1) Taking heed, and 2) doing it. We listen with the attitude that we need to hear it, and then we put it into practice.
   Hendriksen: There are 4 ways to listen: 1)Not at all; 2) For entertainment; 3) To find fault; 4) To find wisdom and use it.
8. 8:22-25 What does His ability to calm the winds and waves indicate about the nature of Jesus?
   Comments: He had power over nature, and he was willing to demonstrate His power as the Son of God. He was disappointed in their lack of faith.
9. 8:26-39 What kind of power did Jesus have over demons? How was the man changed?
   Comments: He could command them, communicate with them. Once again, His power frightened people.
10. 8:40-48 What characteristics of the afflicted woman would be good for us to follow?
    Comments: Her faith, her courage, her fear of God.
11. 8:49-56 How complete was the recovery of the ruler’s daughter? Consider: If Jesus didn’t want anyone to know about it, why did he heal her?
    Comments: Her spirit returned. She got up immediately and needed food. One reason is because Jairus pleaded with Jesus to heal her. But it was not His time yet, so He asked the parents not to broadcast it.

Luke 5 and 6

1. 5:1-11 What was Peter’s reaction when they caught all the fish?
   Comments: He fell at Jesus’ knees, saying, “Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, O Lord!” Jesus’ response? “Do not be afraid. From now on you will catch men.” Peter became conscious of his sinfulness in the presence of a man he perceived must be God and therefore holy. Discussion: If they had not let down the nets, would they have caught any fish? Their obedience in letting down their nets demonstrated their trust in His ability to give them success in their endeavor. This is especially true if we want to be “fishers of men.”
2. 5:12-16 What instruction did Christ give to the man after He had healed him from leprosy?
   Comments: He told him to tell no one. However, according to Mark’s version (1:45),  the man “went out and proclaimed it freely.” Jesus also told him to show himself to a priest and to make an offering, according to the Law (Leviticus 14:1-4). This allowed him to regain his social standing in the community.
3. 5:17-26 How did Jesus prove to the crowd that He could forgive sins?
   Comments: This was actually a proof to the Pharisees and Scribes who had come from all over to challenge Jesus. In order to prove to them He had the power to forgive sins, He healed the paralytic.
   William Hendriksen breaks up the incident into five segments:
   1) Battle brewing (v. 17)
   2) Challenge (vv. 18-20)
   3) Attack (v. 21)
   4) Victory (vv. 22-25)
   5) Celebration (v. 26)
4. 5:27-32 Why did Jesus eat with Levi, knowing who he was and knowing He would be criticized for it? Comments: The purpose for which Christ came was to seek and save the lost. Levi (aka Matthew) had recognized his own sin. He had left all (v. 28), and he was giving his friends an opportunity to eat with his savior. Note that the Pharisees and scribes complained against the disciples. Perhaps they thought they would be vulnerable to the criticism. However, Jesus answered them. He knew who they were really criticizing.
5. 5:33-39 Why didn’t Jesus’ disciples fast? Comments: Fasting was (is) done when there’s a need, when one is mourning, or seeking to be more spiritual, or seeking an answer through prayer and fasting. When Jesus was with the disciples, they lacked nothing. When the bridegroom is with the wedding guests, it is a time of rejoicing, not mourning. William Hendriksen: “Jesus is bringing a message of faith and freedom, not fear and fasting.”
6. 6:1-11 What was Jesus’ attitude toward the Sabbath?
   Comments: He is Lord of the Sabbath. Using David’s eating of the showbread as an example, He teaches that necessity is more important than ceremonial law. Doing good is what is important. Note: Again, the Pharisees’ criticism was against the disciples, and again, Jesus answers them.
7. 6:12-16 What did Jesus do the night before He called twelve disciples to be His apostles?
   Comments: He prayed all night. No one understood Jesus like the Father did. In this example, He teaches us how important prayer is before we make important decisions.
8. 6:17-19 Out of all who came to Jesus to be healed, what percentage were healed?
   Comments: 100%. All some had to do was to touch Him. Healing power emanated from His body.
9. 6:20-26 Why would a person rejoice for being persecuted?
   Comments: Because they’re pleasing God, and they know that their reward will be much greater than their sacrifice. They have passed the testing of their faith! See also Romans 8:18 and 2 Corinthians 4:17,18.
10. 6:27-38 What is the reward for showing the proper love toward others?
    Comments: You will be children of the Most High. v. 38: “Give, and it will be given you: good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be poured into your lap.”
11. 6:39-45 What is the true measure of a man’s life?
    Comments: The fruit he bears. Know your shortcomings. Eventually, in periods of stress, your true heart will be displayed. If you “think on the things” listed in Philippians 4:8, you will not be ashamed of what is displayed.
12. 6:46-49 A person who hears the words of Christ and does them is compared to what?
    Comments: A house built on a rock. This follows naturally on verse 45. If we build our faith on what’s good, we are building on a rock which cannot be shaken. Consider: What value does “doing” have, practically speaking? Doing does not save us – the blood of Christ saves us. But doing shows our trust and strengthens our faith.

Luke 3 and 4

1. 3:1-9; 15-17 How did John the Baptist prepare the way for Christ?
   Comments:
   v. 3 He preached a baptism of repentance for remission of sins.
   v. 8 – He preached the importance of bearing fruit.
   v. 16 – He prophesied of one coming who was greater than he was, who would baptize with the Holy Spirit and fire. Though the fire is one of judgment, it is also a cleansing fire, one that separates believers from unbelievers.
   From William Hendricksen’s commentary: “Making paths straight, filling valleys, bringing mountain and hills low, making rough ways smooth” refers to breaking down every barrier between people and the Messiah. John helped “smooth” the way to the Son of God.
2. 3:10-14 What advice did John give to people about their sins?
   Comments: CB Note: The question they ask, “What shall we do then?” may be more about bearing fruit than sin.
   v. 10 To the people: Share with the needy – both clothing and food
   v. 13 To the tax collectors: Don’t extort money
   v. 14 To the soldiers: Don’t intimidate or accuse false; be content with your wages.
3. 3:18-20 Why were John’s good tidings bad news to Herod?
   Comments: John rebuked him for living with his brother’s wife, Herodias. Herodias had been married to her father’s half-brother, Herod Philip. Their daughter was Salome. Then she took up with another half-uncle, Herod Antipas, the Tetrarch of Galilee.
4. 3:21-23 What was revealed at Jesus’ baptism? How old was he?
   Comments: That He was the Son of God, who was pleased with Jesus. Jesus was 30 years old at the time.
5. 3:23-38 List not more than five men from the genealogy of Christ and tell of their significance in Jewish history.
   Comments: v. 31 – David – 3rd king of Israel; v. 32 – Boaz, David’s great-grandfather by Ruth; v. 33 – Judah – The 4th son of Jacob, and the one through the Messiah would come; v. 36 – Shem – Son of Noah through whom the tribes of Israel would come. Matthew’s genealogy in Chapter 1 is Joseph’s ancestry, through David’s son Solomon. This one is Mary’s, through David’s son Nathan.
6. 4:1-13 What experience did Jesus go through immediately after His baptism? How did he deal with it?
   Comments: Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted, then he fasted for 40 days. The devil tempted him to 1) turn stones to bread; 2) worship him; 3) throw himself off the temple to prove his divinity. Jesus answered each time with a scripture: “Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God” (Deuteronomy 8:3); “You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve (Deuteronomy 6:13); and “You shall not tempt the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 6:16).
7. 4:14-32 How was Jesus received in the region of Galilee? In his hometown of Nazareth? In Capernaum?
   Comments: v. 15 – In Galilee, he was glorified by them all. vv. 16-30 – In Nazareth, first they marveled at his gracious words,  then they grew angry enough to throw him off a cliff,  after being compared unfavorably to Gentiles. vv. 31-37 – In Capernaum they were astonished at how he spoke with such authority.
8. 4:16-21 What did He claim for Himself in the Nazareth synagogue?
   Comments: That he was the fulfillment of Messianic prophecy in Isaiah 61:1.2.
9. 4:33-42 List some of the good works He performed in Galilee.
   Comments: vv. 33-35 – He cleansed a man with a demon; v. 38 – He healed Simon’s (Peter’s) wife’s mother. v. 40 – He healed diseases, cast out demons.
10. 4:43-44 What did Jesus consider His most important work?
    Comments: To preach the kingdom of God.

Luke 1 and 2

1. 1:1-4 Why was the book written?
   Comments: v. 4 - So that Theophilus would know the truth about the things about which he had been instructed.
   
2. 1:5-25 What was John’s mission to be, according to the angel?
   Comments: 1) To turn the hearts of the fathers to their children. [The NRSV translates “fathers” as “parents.”]
   2) To turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous; and
   3) To make ready a people prepared for the Lord.
   
3. 1:26-38 What were the three reactions Mary had as the angel revealed the message from God to her?
   Comments: 1) She was afraid (implied, because the angel told her not to fear);
   2) She was perplexed, or troubled;
   3) She was curious – “How can this be, since I do not know a man?”
   4) She was accepting. “Let it be to me according to your word.”
   Note the difference between her question, “How can this be….” and Zechariah’s question in 1:18 – “How will I know that this is so?” He questioned the truthfulness of the question, while Mary questioned the mechanics.
   
4. 1:39-56 What does Mary’s song of praise reveal about her character?
   Comments: She was a joyful, willing servant. She was submissive, devout, and grateful for her place in history.
   
5. 1:57-80 What was John’s mission to be, according to his father?
   Comments: v. 76 – To prepare the way of the Lord;
   v. 77 – to give knowledge of salvation to his people by the forgiveness of their sins.
   
6. 2:1-7 Why did Joseph and Mary have to go to Bethlehem?
   Comments: To register (for paying taxes). Joseph was a descendant of David, and Bethlehem was the City of David.
   
7. 2:8-20 What did the heavenly host say to the shepherds?
   Comments: v. 10 – The angel told them not to fear, that he was bringing them good news.
   v. 14 – The heavenly host praised God, pronouncing peace among those whom God favored. The heavenly host was an army of angels – perhaps thousands.
   
8. 2:21-24 To whom was Jesus presented as a baby?
   Comments: v. 22 – To the Lord. It seems ironic, but of course that was part of the Jewish law, to present the firstborn to God (v. 23; Numbers 18:15).
   
9. 2:25-39 What was prophesied of him in Jerusalem?
   Comments: vv. 29-32 – He would be a light for revelation to the Gentiles and for glory to Israel.
   v. 34 – He was destined for the falling and rising of many in Israel, revealing the thoughts of many.
   v. 35 – A sword would pierce Mary’s soul.
   Note: This is the first reference to Christ’s suffering and death. It may also be the first reference – in the life of Jesus, anyway – that the “light” would be available to all nations, not just the Jews.
   
10. What happened in this chapter that Mary “pondered in her heart”?
    Comments: If we consider that Mary pondered all that happened, not just the thing previous (2:51 – “She pondered all these things in her heart”), we would have this list:
    1:33 – Gabriel’s pronouncement that she would bear the Son of God;
    1:44 – John’s leaping in the womb when Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting;
    2:19 – What the shepherds told Mary;
    2:34, 35 – Simeon’s prophecy;
    2:51 – Jesus’ time in the temple, taking care of his Father’s interests.